Modelo de Gestión Energética para Microrredes con Sistemas de Almacenamiento Híbrido: Planificación Diaria

Abstract

This work develops a bi-level Energy Management System (EMS) model aimed at coordinating the operation of microgrid (MG) resources across two time scales. The upper layer performs a 24-hour operational scheduling, with the objective of minimizing operating costs and setting energy setpoints for the available resources. The lower layer solves a 15-minute planning problem and aims to minimize deviations between the setpoints defined by the upper layer and the minute-by-minute dispatch. Model inputs include demand and solar irradiance time series, the latter being converted into photovoltaic generation (SPV). These variables are forecast using the Random Forest method. The mathematical formulation is posed as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. Model validation is carried out on the “Balzay” MG (CCTI-B), which integrates a photovoltaic system, a diesel generator, and a hybrid storage system composed of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and a Supercapacitor (SC). Case studies with BESS and with BESS+SC integration are considered. The economic assessment is performed through simulations over a full month, yielding a net reduction in total monthly cost of 3.77% with BESS and 4.08% with BESS+SC, driven by the decrease in energy imported from the external grid. Overall, the bi-level approach integrates forecasting, optimization, and operational tracking, providing a consistent tool to technically and economically assess the coordination of renewable resources and storage in MGs.