Prevalencia del retraso del desarrollo del lenguaje en niños de 3 a 5 años en el centro Los Girasoles, Cuenca 2021

Abstract

Background: Language Development Delay (LDD) is a delay in the onset of language in the absence of other pathologies. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid communication problems. Objective: to determine the prevalence of Language Development Delay in children from 3 to 5 years old in the center "Los Girasoles" period 2021. Method: descriptive study carried out with 250 children. Descriptive statistics were used and the variables were associated by means of chi square and p value. Results: the prevalence of LDD was 58%, 88.8% and 79.2% for comprehensive, expressive and global language, respectively. The 3-year-old population prevails (48.4%). With respect to the sociodemographic characteristics, men predominate (74.8%), urban residence (67.2%), extended family (54.8%), typical average Socioeconomic Level (60.8%). The clinical characteristics indicate that 48% of children use electronic devices >1 hour/day, 56% of children spoke after one year, 55.2% had low average intelligence, 52% had a history of complications in the pregnancy and 56% presented complications in childbirth. Significant relationships were observed between chronological age and language age (p<0.05). Conclusions: it was observed that for the success of a good development in communication, aspects such as pregnancy, sphincter control, sociodemographic location, among others, must come together; All these factors must be considered in order to avoid learning problems.