Prevalencia de restricción de crecimiento intrauterino y factores asociados, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, 2015-2019

Abstract

Introduction: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: to determine the prevalence of IUGR and the associated factors in patients from the Gynecology and Obstetrics area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca Ecuador, in the period 2015-2019. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out. The sample consisted of 350 electronic medical records from the AS-400 system. The data was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 24, where frequencies (f), percentages (%), prevalence ratio (PR) were estimated. Results: the mean age of the maternal population was 29 years; 50% of pregnant women were young adults; 71% were multiparous, 55% of pregnancies ended by cesarean section. The prevalence of IUGR was 8.57%, with an asymmetric predominance (56%). An associated factor for developing IUGR was hypothyroidism (PR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2 - 6.7; p = 0.019) and this relationship was significant; On the other hand, there was no statistical significance with obesity (PR 1.87; 95% CI 0.79 - 4.44; p = 0.35), anemia (PR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1 - 2, 7; p = 0.3), placental pathology (PR 1.3; 95% CI 0.2 - 8.5; p = 0.20), pre-eclampsia (PR 2.2; 95% CI 0.9 - 4.9; p = 0.06) and urinary tract infection (PR 1.6 95% CI 0.8–3.3; p = 0.14). Conclusion: The prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction was similar to that of similar studies from other regions and the associated factor was hypothyroidism.