Manejo de la extracción dental en pacientes sometidos a terapia anticoagulante: una revisión de la literatura

Abstract

In recent years the teeth extraction in patients who consume anticoagulants has increased, and with it also the need for new studies that allow us to know how to address such cases. Oral anticoagulant therapy is used to prevent thromboembolic type diseases. Among anticoagulants we have Vitamin K Antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants. The objective of this study is to analyze the type of management that an anticoagulated patient needs, in addition to the limitations, indications, and hemostatic measures for dental extraction in these patients. A search was made in the digital databases of Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane and SciELO, obtaining a total of 2176 articles that after the implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 59 articles for this literature review. The management in these patients should be done with extreme caution taking into account their systemic state, the extraction will be done safely without suspension or modification of the drug, when the surgical intervention has been planned with an atraumatic technique of one to three pieces and the INR is ≤3.5. It is essential for the dentist to have updated knowledge of the treatment of anticoagulated patients and their bleeding complications.