Tratamientos convencionales combinados con derivados del ginseng y del cannabis, posibles interacciones medicamentosas. Revisión sistematizada de la literatura

Abstract

This study aims to establish drug interactions between ginseng and cannabis derivatives and conventional medications through a systematic literature review. The digital databases Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, and ProQuest were used, focusing the research on the types and mechanisms of interaction, therapeutic objectives, and adverse reactions resulting from the association of conventional medications with phytopharmaceuticals. Articles under review or incomplete, those published before 2014, those not available in digital format, in vitro studies, and those in which the therapeutic regimen included other phytopharmaceuticals were excluded. Eleven studies were obtained for ginseng derivatives and 10 for cannabis derivatives. Upon extraction, analysis, and synthesis of the information, it was determined that Panax ginseng is the species with the highest number of reported kinetic and dynamic interactions, with anticoagulants and antitumor agents being the most frequently studied therapeutic groups. Cannabidiol, for its part, was the cannabinoid with the most significant reported interactions, primarily of a pharmacokinetic nature, with antiepileptics and analgesics. Adverse reactions for the two phytopharmaceuticals were presented based on the mechanism of action for each of the associated medications; the complete absence of pharmacovigilance in all studies was notable. Through this investigation, we were able to systematize the available literature regarding the type and mechanism of interaction between ginsenosides and cannabinoids and conventional drugs, further emphasizing the need for pharmacovigilance for natural products.