Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con anemia hospitalizados en el área de pediatría del HVCM de enero-diciembre. Cuenca, 2020

Abstract

Anemia is the most frequent hematological disease in pediatric age, a timely diagnosis and treatment avoids sequelae such as low cognitive and physical development of children. GENERAL OBJECTIVE. To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with anemia hospitalized in the pediatric area ofHVCM. METHODOLOGY. A descriptive, quantitative study was carried out in 101 patients, who were admitted to the pediatric department of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, the data was collected from the clinical history of the patients, who presented anemia whose diagnosis was made based on laboratory data; respecting the ethical standards of the institution. The data were recorded in a form prepared by the author, were tabulated and analyzed in the SPSS 15 program. Descriptive analysis was carried out for the mean quantitative variables and standard deviations and for the qualitative frequencies and percentages. RESULTS. Anemia predominated in the male gender (52.5%), in the minor infant (42.6%), children residing in rural areas (61.4%), the highest frequency of anemia was in mild stage (75.2%), predominating anemia of inflammation (66.3%), followed by mixed anemia (15.8%), in 3rd place iron deficiency anemia (13.9), the main cause of hospitalization was pneumonia (55.4%), about half had some degree of malnutrition (42.6%), the most frequent being severe malnutrition in 17%. CONCLUSIONS. The main cause of anemia was inflammation, predominantly in young infants, living in rural areas, with adequate nutritional status.