Enfermedades periodontales prevalentes en pacientes con adicciones, internos en el Centro de Reposo y Adicciones (CRA). Cuenca, Septiembre 2023 – Febrero 2024

Abstract

Background: the consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) is a public health problem that impacts the immune-inflammatory system at a systemic level, as well as the oral microbiome; in addition, it has an important role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis). Objective: determine the prevalence of periodontal diseases in patients with addictions, inmates at the CRA, in the Canton of Cuenca, province of Azuay, Ecuador. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study that periodontally evaluated individuals admitted to the CRA. Observers were trained and calibrated prior to data collection. Information was collected through clinical periodontal examination and questionnaire. For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used; the data were presented in measures of frequency and central tendency. Results: 66% of the patients with addictions inside the center had periodontal diseases; the most prevalent pathology being gingivitis with 93.94%, while 6.06% had periodontitis. Additionally, 62% of the investigated population was found to have poor levels of oral hygiene and the presence of several predisposing risk factors for periodontal diseases, such as supra and subgingival dental calculus (92%), non-carious cervical lesions (40%) and caries or maladaptive dental restorations in the cervical or interproximal (36%). Conclusion: a high prevalence of periodontal diseases was determined in patients with addictions internally at the CRA, the majority had a diagnosis of gingivitis and only 2 cases of periodontitis