Factores asociados a falla renal aguda en pacientes mayores de 40 años ingresados en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca. 2017. Estudio de casos y controles.

Abstract

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global health problem. The changes of its incidence range from 1 % to 31 % and the mortality of 28 % to 82 %. Studying the factors that determine it is fundamental. The recognition of these factors, especially the potentially reversible ones, can reduce the frequency of AKI. Objective: To determine the factors associated with AKI in patients older than 40 years admitted to the clinical and surgical areas of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Method: An analytical study of cases and controls was carried out. The sample was constituted based on the following criteria: 95% confidence level, precision of 5% and C-C control case relationship: 1-1. The cases constituted patients with AKI, defined for presenting elevation of creatinine elevation of 0.3mg / dl in 48 hours or increment ≥1.5 of baseline creatinine (last 3 months). The controls are patients without AKI. The following factors were analyzed: infectious disease, dehydration, sepsis / septic shock, critical illness, cirrhosis, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, obstructive uropathy, major surgery, nephrotoxic drugs and contrast media. For the hypothesis test Chi2, OR, 95% CI, p value <0.05 was used. Results: The associated factors were: nephrotoxic drugs 73.6% (p = 0.0020), infectious disease 56.3% (p = 0.0021), hypertension 55.6% (p = 0.0182), dehydration 43.1% (p = 0.0000), cancer 31.9% (p = 0.0144), critical illness 28.5% (p = 0.0000), diabetes mellitus 28.5% (p = 0.0237), major surgery 18.1% (p = 0.0226), cirrhosis 16.7% (p = 0.0008). No significant relationships were found with the factors: heart disease 23.6% (p = 0.0714), uropathy 22.2% (p = 0.7732), contrast media 4.2% (p = 0.7495).