Malnutrición en niños menores de 5 años y su asociación con factores de riesgo. Chordeleg, 2017.

Abstract

Background: nutritional status is an important indicator of the development of a population. So child malnutrition is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries, which is associated with multiple factors and increases the rates of morbidity and mortality. Objective: Determine malnutrition in children under 5 years of age and their association with risk factors such as socioeconomic status, food security, family functionality, number of children, level of education of the mother, person caring for the child, pre conceptional weight and adequate gain of weight or not during pregnancy, weight of the child at birth and gestational age, exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months in the canton Chordeleg. Material and methods: Analytical, cross-sectional study, with a simple random probabilistic sample of 214 children under 5 years living in the canton. The information was collected with a structured form. The data were tabulated and analyzed in SPSS 24. The variables are presented as frequencies and percentages; statistical association, prevalence ratio, 95% confidence interval, P value less than 0.05, and logistic regression. Results: acute and chronic malnutrition are in greater percentage than overweight and obesity. The factors that showed statistical association are food insecurity and family dysfunction, these are related to a low socioeconomic level, poverty and the care of the mother during pregnancy that allow the child to be born in adequate conditions.