Efectividad terapéutica de los tratamientos contra Helicobacter pylori con relación a las cepas productoras de factores de virulencia CagA y VacA una revisión de literatura

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the therapeutic approaches used to treat H. pylori infection and its adverse reactions, focusing on treatment regimens for clinical presentations associated with the CagA and VacA virulence factors. Uncertainty exists regarding whether H. pylori strains producing these virulence factors respond differently to conventional treatments, hindering the optimization of therapeutic strategies based on strain-specific characteristics. The methodology employed was a systematic review of the scientific literature on therapeutic approaches for H. pylori infection, based on the principles of systematic review and the PRISMA guidelines, using scientific databases. A combination of searches yielded 155 articles, of which 34 met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently assessed using standardized quality criteria. The main findings indicated that H. pylori strains expressing the virulence factors CagA and VacA have a potential impact on the efficacy of eradication treatments. Furthermore, the efficacy of H. pylori treatments depends not only on the drug regimen used but also on the interaction between the bacterial strain, the host response, and the presence of virulence factors such as CagA and VacA. Direct evidence regarding the influence of CagA and VacA on therapeutic effectiveness is still limited and inconclusive in most of the studies analyzed.