Virus del papiloma humano y su implicancia en el ámbito odontológico. Una revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Background: Human Papillomavirus is a non-enveloped virus, it is transmitted either by direct contact, placental cells, blood, autoinoculation, etc., being able to cause benign or malignant lesions in the genital and oropharyngeal area according to its variants. To prevent the development of these lesions, prophylactic vaccines were created, the efficacy of which in the oral region is debated. Objective: To describe the implications of the Human Papilloma Virus in the dental field in terms of transmission routes, associated pathologies, risk of malignant transformation and prevention. Methods: The literature review was performed using a search tree (Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and ProQuest) using keywords (“Human papillomavirus”, “oral cavity”, “vaccine”, “risk”, “transmission”) and a Boolean connector (AND). The search was based on publications of the last five years in Spanish and English, open access (systematic reviews, metaanalysis, randomized controlled studies). A second selection was made by title and abstract, and finally, reading was performed to select relevant content. Results: The evidence highlights that the Human Papilloma Virus is directly responsible for the appearance of benign lesions, and also exerts an important influence on the appearance of malignant lesions in the oropharyngeal territory according to its variant, vaccination is considered an important method of prevention for cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. Conclusions: HPV is a virus with oncogenic capabilities whose presence is increasing in the world population, the preventive approach is key to the control of pathologies associated with this microorganism.