Prevalencia de asma no controlada y factores asociados en niños de 3 a 14 años que asisten a los servicios de emergencia y consulta externa del Hospital IESS José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, Ecuador

Abstract

The level of asthma severity can be modified in the same patient. The classification of asthma according to the degree of control is controlled and uncontrolled asthma. The prevalence of uncontrolled asthma is increasing worldwide according to studies in recent years and their causes are associated with environmental and personal factors.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma and associated factors in children aged 3-14 years with asthma treated at the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga in 2013.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional study that included 380 patients between 3 and 14 years with asthma using the validated questionnaire Vega 2007 The tabulation program SPSS 18 was used in the statistical analysis frequencies and percentages were used to search and statistical association prevalence ratio was used with a confidence interval of 95% and value P.

Results: Prevalence of untreated asthma of 90.3%. Risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma: Stored objects (74.7%), family history (63.9%), previous respiratory infections (60%), animals (53.7%), strong odors (52.4%), physical activity (46.2%), intense emotions (21.3%), food (19.4%), smoking (18.4%) and drugs (2.9%). 64.4% were older than 5 years and 25.8% under 5 years.

Discussion: A high prevalence of uncontrolled asthma was found, similar to those found in international data. Factors associated with uncontrolled asthma were statistically significant history of respiratory infections like some foods considered as allergenic.