Disfuncionalidad familiar y problemas de salud mental en los adolescentes: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: 16% of adolescent illnesses are associated with mental health, half of them starting around the age of 14, often going unnoticed, generating individual and family consequences. General Objective: To analyze the relationship between family dysfunctionality and mental health problems in adolescents, based on the analysis of research conducted during the period 2016-2020. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted of observational studies published in the last 5 years, in English and Spanish, in Scopus, Pubmed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, Springer, Scielo and Redalyc databases. For the bibliographic search we used keywords described in the methodology combined with Boléan operators such as OR, AND, NOT (in Spanish) and OR, AND, NOT (in English), considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: 19 studies were analyzed, which identified the following mental health problems: depression, anxiety, substance use and eating disorders; there was a higher prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents belonging to dysfunctional families compared to functional ones, with family factors influencing the appearance of these problems such as: neglect, abuse, violence, maternal overprotection, difficulties in family communication and abandonment by the father. Conclusion: Mental disorders in adolescents maintain a direct relationship with dysfunctional family systems in comparison to functional ones and with variable prevalences worldwide.