Prevalencia y factores asociados a la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. 2019-2020

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a very frequent lower respiratory tract infection, which is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its incidence is variable and is related to age and the presence of certain risk factors, especially with concomitant chronic diseases. Objective: The main objective was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors to CAP. Methodology: We performed a cross-sectional study approved by the Bioethics Committee; we included 477 patients older than 18 years old, admitted to the Internal Medicine ward at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. The sample was calculated with a 95% Confidence Interval, an estimated error of 3%, the prevalence of CAP of 17% and the formula for the known universe was applied. We used PSPP and EPIDAT for data analysis and interpretation, we used Chi-Square and we considered a significant statistic difference with a p-value of < 0.05. Results: The Prevalence of Community-acquired Pneumonia was 36.7% and the associated risk factors with significant results were, age more than 65 years (OR: 1.792; IC 95%: 1.409 – 2.278, P: 0.000); no level of instruction (OR: 1.561; IC 95%: 11.240 – 1.966, P: 0.000); and between the comorbidities the past medical history of COPD (OR: 2.138; IC 95%: 1.672 – 2.734, P: 0.000), past medical history of Neurologic disease (OR: 1.459; IC 95%: 1.087 – 1.959, P: 0.022) and past medical history of Cardiac disease (OR: 1.367; IC 95%: 1.082 – 1.726, P: 0.010). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of CAP among hospitalized patients and there are several factors that are associated.