Intervención educativa en conocimientos actitudes y prácticas sobre retinopatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca 2011-2012

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to increase active participatory knowledge, attitudes and practices in retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 attending at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga during 2011-2012.

Material and methods We conducted a quasi-experimental study in a group of 92 patients, obtained on the basis of the 95% confidence level, statistical power 80% and 40% of knowledge, attitudes and practices (data obtained from a pilot study). The size is calculated using the code for difference of proportions. The educational intervention was conducted in 6 sessions with groups of 15 patients and 60 minutes long. The data were obtained by direct interview.

Results The groups were similar in age (p = 0.060), gender (p = 0.055), years of education (p = 0.758), appropriate knowledge, attitudes and practices with p> 0.05 and, body mass index, blood pressure, waist circumference, A1C glycated hemoglobin fraction, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (p>0.05).

After the educational intervention appropriate knowledge retinopathy increased from 35% to 79.6% (p = 0.00), appropriate attitudes from 51% to 69.8% (p = 0.00) and good practices from 50% to 76.5% (p = 0.00). By contrast the clinical variables described above did not differ significantly (p>0.05).

Conclusion The active participatory educational intervention significantly increased knowledge, attitudes and practices.