Factores asociados a la adherencia del tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2. Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), a disease of high and increasing prevalence worldwide, is defined as a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and resulting from defects in the secretion and/or action of insulin. One of the major barriers to its control is the lack of adherence to treatment, so it is necessary to have updated information on the factors associated with the lack of therapeutic adherence. Objective: To identify the prevalence of non-adherence to treatment in DM2 and the associated factors, based on the analysis of research carried out during the last five years. Methodology: A systematic review without meta-analysis was carried out, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 statement. Results: In a total of 21 articles carried out in 21 countries on four continents, an average prevalence of 50,41% of non-adherence to DM2 treatment was found. Among the factors associated with non-adherence to treatment are: sociodemographic, psychosocial, patient-related, and treatment-related factors. Conclusions: the high prevalence of non-adherence to DM2 treatment is influenced by various sociodemographic, psychosocial, patient-related and treatment-related factors. This information will allow decision making to help patients improve their adherence to treatment.