Evaluación de Trichoderma harzianum y T. koningii como agentes biocontroladores preventivos de Fusarium sp y Rhizoctonia sp en tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) a nivel de semillero - vivero

Abstract

The pathogens responsible for damping off, better known as seedling disease, affect crops in the initial stage and in established crops of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.), these pathogens are responsible for incalculable losses for farmers, being the most representative Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. that cause root rot and neck strangulation, respectively. The object of the present study is the evaluation of environmentally friendly control alternatives, considering the availability of biological resources such as the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp. To comply with the referred, the evaluation of the efficiency of the antagonists on the pathogens in study, the time of action, and an economic analysis against a conventional control, by means of the inoculation of the pathogens in a specialized substrate for seedbeds and its later treatment was carried out; being able to mention that the action of protection of the antagonist is not limited along the time, possibly due to its capacity to remain at soil level, being proved its presence by means of Koch's postulates. The economic analysis shows a slight increase in the cost of conventional control. In general, it was observed an inefficiency in the pathogenic action of Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. in the seedbed of tree tomato, and the permanence of the antagonist Trichoderma until the end of the trial