Implementación de sistemas silvopastoriles con balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) y cáñaro (Erythrina edulis) en la comunidad Plan de Milagro – Limón Indanza

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic, technical, and social aspects of implementing silvopastoral systems with Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) and Cáñaro (Erythrina edulis) in the Plan de Milagro community, Limón Indanza. The methodology was based on the establishment of a silvopastoral system on a 5,000 m² plot, applying a contour line design with a multi-row alley planting arrangement. Plant survival and growth were monitored over a six-month period, recording both direct and indirect costs. Additionally, surveys were conducted with local cattle farmers to assess their perceptions of these systems. Results showed that cáñaro had a survival rate of 92%, whereas balsa had a 56%. Regarding plant growth at six months of age, balsa reached an average height of 8 cm, while cáñaro achieved 40 cm in the same period. The total cost for implementation and maintenance over one year was $1,209.49 for 5,000 m², equivalent to $2,418.98 per hectare in this specific study. Direct costs represented the majority of total expenses, followed by losses related to forage protein production and phytosanitary control applied to the crop. Surveys indicated that although farmers were unfamiliar with the term “agroforestry,” they were aware of similar practices and expressed willingness to adopt these techniques if adequate technical support were available. It is concluded that silvopastoral systems represent a viable option for sustainable livestock management; however, their adoption requires technical training and financial incentives to overcome perceived barriers.