Enfermedad periodontal en relación con el índice de masa corporal en estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el año 2018

Abstract

Objective: The objective was to analyze the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Periodontal Disease in undergraduate students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was carried out. 305 Participants were examined in relation to the presence of gingivitis and periodontitis, the latter was diagnosed by criteria of the International Workshop for the Control of Diseases and Periodontal Conditions (TICECP/Armitage, 1999) and the Center for Disease Control and the American Association of Periodontics (CDC)/AAP Eke, 2012); BMI was also measured. Previously, the respective informed consent was obtained. The association between variables was evaluated by chi-square test, determined that values p≤0.05 would be considered significant, as well as the Odds Ratio(OR). Results: The average age was 22.1 years ± 2.56, the majority had normal BMI(64.4%). The prevalence of gingivitis was 42.0%; of periodontitis according to TICECP criteria was 17.7% and according to CDC / AAP criteria it was 3.3%. No statistically significant relationship was found between gingivitis and increased BMI(p=0.86), nor in relation to the male gender (p=0.64) or female (p=0.77). Periodontitis and BMI did not show any relationship with TICECP criteria (p=0.92) in general or by female gender (p=0.77) or male (p=0.53); There was also no relationship for CDC / AAP criteria (p=0.72) in general or for a female (p=0.90) or a male (p=0.83) gender. Conclusion: No association could be established between Periodontal Disease and increase in BMI. More studies are required in the environment with greater heterogeneity among participants