Obtención de productos de valor añadido a partir de residuales de brócoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica)

Abstract

The constant population growth leads to an overexploitation of resources by industries, generating a climate crisis. The purpose of this research was the search for two alternatives or by-products that improve the quality and sustainability of the industry, through the revaluation of the waste produced by the agroindustry, specifically, the waste generated by Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica), because, in its use, about 70% of the biomass of the plant is considered inedible. An acid hydrolysis pretreatment was used to obtain sugars, which was optimized by applying a 2^4 factorial design, resulting in temperature parameters of 120 °C, time of 30 minutes, a biomass concentration of 5% w/v, and an acid concentration of 0.1% v/v, obtaining 187.31 g/L of sugars. An enzymatic hydrolysis was applied to this result using the enzyme Cellic Ctec2, an enzyme blend containing cellulases, ß-glucosidases and hemicellulases; under the conditions of pH 4.5, temperature 50 °C, agitation of 600 rpm for one hour, which resulted in 220.4 g/L of sugars. By means of a bibliographic review, its use is recommended in the elaboration of biofuels. Additionally, freeze-drying was used in the preparation of the flour/powder as a drying method to preserve the composition and nutrients. The bromatological analysis carried out shows 37.306% protein, 26.766% crude fiber, 25.58% carbohydrates, 8.724% ash and 0.623% moisture. Its use can be implemented in products of the food, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries.