Análisis de los factores de riesgos ocupacionales: Mecánicos, Físico y Ergonómico en el personal de recolección de desechos sólidos domiciliarios en la Empresa Pública Municipal de Aseo de Cuenca (EMAC-EP)

Abstract

Every work activity generates a potential health problem for workers, but some to a greater extent than others, such as the household solid waste collection process. In this context, this research work evaluated the mechanical, physical and ergonomic risk factors to which EMAC-EP collection personnel are exposed. For each risk, several methodologies were applied with a non-experimental descriptive approach, through on-site observations for the elaboration of matrices based on the Colombian Technical Guide GTC45, application of the Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire, Cornell questionnaire and OWAS methodology for a postural analysis. The results obtained indicate that the mechanical and ergonomic risks present a risk level I and II; requiring "Urgent intervention" and "Correct and adopt control measures immediately". In addition, it was found that the level of risk depends on the zones and sectors; and this is due to the characteristics of each one of them. Likewise, the workers present musculoskeletal discomfort in most of the body segments; being the dorsal/lumbar area, knees, feet, upper back and neck the most relevant; the same that are attributed to forced postures, repetitive movements and overexertion. The postural analysis reflected normal and highrisk postures. Also, a series of conditions and sub-standard acts committed can

be established, which can be corrected to minimize risks.

Finally,

a series of activities that can be performed to minimize the risks mentioned above are proposed.