Prevalencia de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y factores asociados en pacientes en edad pediátrica, internados en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. 2017

Abstract

Background: Community acquired pneumonia ranks third in infant mortality in Ecuador. It is related to the child's own factors and environmental factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pneumonia in pediatric patients, admitted to the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga (HJCA), and associated factors, during the year 2017. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the pediatric service of the HJCA. The universe was made up of the total number of children hospitalized in the HJCA pediatric service in 2017. The sample size was calculated on a 95% confidence base. The data were collected directly and analyzed in SPSS, to determine association and significance with respect to the prevalence of pneumonia. Results: Of the 168 patients studied, 42 were diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, representing a 25% prevalence. It was more frequent in girls (57.1%) and in the group of children under 5 they add up to 52.3%. The variables that are associated with community-acquired pneumonia significantly were age younger than 5 years, male sex, altered nutritional status, history of previous hospitalization due to an unspecified respiratory pattern and exposure to cigarette smoke. Conclusion: 25% of the pediatric population hospitalized in the HJCA (2017), were diagnosed with pneumonia. Statistical association was found between pneumonia and age of the patient under 5 years of age, male sex, altered nutritional status, history of previous hospitalization due to an unspecified respiratory pattern and exposure to cigarette smoke