Evaluación de un programa educativo con enfoque familiar sobre control preconcepcional, a partir de las percepciones locales, UNCOVIA, Cuenca, 2015 - 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Preconception is almost invisible; this prevents the recognition of determinants and risks. To address this problem, it was necessary to interpret the perceptions of young adults, diagnose and work on preconceptive knowledge, attitudes and practices (CAP) through an educational proposal with appropriate methodologies to achieve the exercise of the right to preconception. Objective: To evaluate an educational program with a family approach to promote preconception control, based on the perceptions of young adults, UNCOVIA, Brother Miguel parish, Cuenca, 2015-2016. Materials and methods: Two designs were used, one qualitative one that was used to elaborate an educative proposal on preconception and another quasi-experimental that evaluated the preconceptive CAP. The research had three phases: socio-demographic and family characterization; Ethnographic study on preconception with design of the educational program; And, evaluation of the CAP level before and after. Results: Results: The ethnographic study revealed biopsychosocial aspects and protective, destructive and regulating factors around preconception, which were classified into four categories: macrosystem, mesosystem, microsystem and ontosystem. The average of knowledge and practices increased from 18.62% (95% CI: 15% -22%) to 80.27% (95% CI: 75-84%, X2 McNemar's 6,96. P 0,05), and 35.80% (95% CI: 35-36%) at 52.27% (95% CI: 52.02% -52.52%; X2 McNemar's 4,12. P 0,05) respectively. Conclusions: The application of the educational module on preconception, significantly improves the level of knowledge and practices in relation to the initial state. Changes in attitudes were not significant