Prevalencia de disfunción de accesos vasculares para hemodiálisis y factores asociados en pacientes crónicos de las unidades de Diálisis BAXTER y UNIREAS. Cuenca 2016

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of vascular access dysfunction in haemodialysis and associated factors in patients pertaining to the BAXTER and UNIREAS dialysis units.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population of 499 patients with CKD in haemodialysis, representing 96.3% of all haemodialysis patients in the province of Azuay. The sample was calculated with certain restrictions: 95% confidence level, 5% accuracy. The sample of 290 cases was calculated using the statistical program EPIDAT with 95% CI and p-value, accepting levels of significance lower than 0.05, with an effective sample of 282 patients including 8 cases of death and abandonment from the program.

Results: The age group 55 - 74 years represents 63.8%, with an average age of 60, 53.4% of the sample were males and 44.7% exhibited diabetes as the main cause of nephropathy. 84.4% used the fistula is the main vascular access in these patients and 72% used radiocephalic fistulas. 92.6% presented KTV > than 1.2, and 92% had URR >65%. The prevalence of vascular access dysfunction was 14.2%, with arterial intradialysis hypotension (5%) and aneurysmal lesions (4.6%) being the main causes.

A significantly statistical result was attributed to hypoalbuminemia which demonstrated a (RP of 1,38, IC 1.03 - 1.85. p 0.05), the prosthetic graft (p 0.03), as well as the brachiocephalic access (p 0.01).