El rol de la mamografía en el tamizaje del cáncer de mama. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: breast cancer is one of the neoplasms with the highest incidence in women worldwide, therefore there are different screening methods, including mammography. Objective: to collect information on the findings, factors, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of mammography as a screening method for breast cancer. Methodology: observational, systematic review. The bibliographic search was carried out mainly in Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and Cochrane. Scientific articles with full text published in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, during the period 2015 to 2020, quartile 1 to 3, with methodological, descriptive, retrospective, prospective, analytical designs and diagnostic validation tests. Results: 30 articles were reviewed and analyzed in the results chapter. The most common radiological mammographic findings were: micro calcifications, breast masses and changes in architectural distortion, with category 0, 1, 2, 3 being the most frequent. The age between 40 to 69 years, the higher educational and socio-economic level, married marital status and having health insurance were the determining factors for performing mammography, in addition, said radiological examination had high validity as a cancer screening method breast. Conclusions: according to the literature review, there is a high validity of mammography as a screening method for breast cancer. Limitations: accessibility to scientific articles was limited by economic items as a requirement for access.