Embarazo en adolescentes y factores asociados individuales, familiares y sociales: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: worldwide, adolescent pregnancy rates are on the rise, especially in developing countries, leading to negative effects on the biopsychosocial sphere of adolescents and their family environment. Objective: to determine the association between adolescent pregnancy and individual, family and social factors. Methodology: a systematic review was conducted, the search was performed in five electronic databases: Pubmed, Sciencie Direct, Scielo, Redalyc and Latindex, and the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms "Teen pregnancy" or "pregnant teen" and the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) "teen pregnancy" or "pregnant teen" were used. Nineteen studies were included, published from 2015 to 2020, with quartiles of the (Scimago Journal & Country Ranking) from 1 to 4, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: It was found that risk factors such as family dysfunction and household poverty were statistically significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. Other factors that were associated were early initiation of sexual relations, lack of knowledge of contraceptive methods, low level of education, being a resident of rural areas, and low level of education of the parents. Conclusion: This review emphasizes that individual, family and social factors are associated with adolescent pregnancy. Limitations: most of the publications required subscription and prior payment, so we opted for other databases, such as Pub Med and Scielo.