Prevalencia de sobrepeso y factores asociados en adolescentes en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are currently considered a public health problem with multifactorial cause related to comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus type II, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adolescents of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Method: A descriptive and a cross-sectional study of associated factors was carried out. The sample was selected with a simple random procedure by generating a group of random numbers with the help of a computer interface, being the sample of 238 adolescents. Data about sex, residence, socioeconomic status, family Apgar, breastfeeding, eating habits and physical activity were evaluated. To determine the association, the Odds Ratio statistic was used with a confidence interval of 95% and a value of p <0.05 to define statistical significance. Results: The average age of the 238 adolescents included in the study was 12 years. The prevalence of overweight was 13.4% (IC-95% :) with predominance in the male sex 7.9%. Adolescent overweight is associated with socioeconomic status (OR: 0.169, 95% CI: 0.0418 -0.6195, p = 0.007), more if the income is higher in the head of the family (OR: 1.9848; IC-95%: 1.5353 -2.5660; p = <0.0001), the type of schooling of the adolescent (OR: 3.9481, IC-95%: 1.2732 - 12.2431 p = 0.0174), inadequate eating habits (OR: 4.5537, IC-95%: 2.0255 -10.2377, p = 0.0002). Within these eating habits, the lack of fruit consumption, not having breakfast, excessive consumption of sweets and hamburgers are risk factors. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight is important in adolescents of the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga and it is associated with the socioeconomic level, type of schooling and inadequate eating habits.