Ingeniería Ambiental

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Browsing Ingeniería Ambiental by Subject "Aire"

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    Análisis de comparación de datos de contaminantes atmosféricos: CO, SO2, NO2, O3, CH2O entre Sentinel 5P y productos satelitales de OMI, MERRA-2 y AIRS en Ecuador
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-21) Padrón Crespo, César Israel; Cabrera Carrión, Carlos Xavier; Mejía Coronel, Julio Danilo
    Air pollution is an environmental problem caused by gases emitted mainly by anthropogenic activities. The exposure of people to these pollutants mainly affects the respiratory and circulatory systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies on the conservation and concentration of pollutants to predict their behavior and take future actions. The present study statistically analyzes the quality of the data of atmospheric pollutants CO, SO2, NO2, O3 and CH2O measured by the Sentinel 5P satellite (TROPOMI Sensor) with respect to those equipped by the predecessor sensors (MERRA-2, OMI and AIRS). ) in the Republic of Ecuador from January 2019 to December 2020. The methodology performs a resampling or modification of the pixel size, matching the spatial resolution of the different ones for subsequent statistical analysis. It was obtained as a positive R2 coefficient value for O3 for AIRS and MERRA-2. For the other pollutants analyzed, determination coefficients were acquired that do not represent a correlation between the satellite products and Sentinel 5P. For a better analysis, data from ground stations located in the cities of Cuenca and Quito were used, thus determining a positive relationship for all the pollutants treated with the different satellite products, that is, the data obtained on the ground have an incidence with what is obtained in the satellite images. Subsequently, time series graphs were made to identify outliers, sudden changes, seasonal patterns, trends, etc. In addition, a resampling of a different pixel size was carried out to contrast it with the one carried out in principle, and it was determined that Sentinel 5P better explains the concentrations of the other satellite products.
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    Estudio comparativo entre modelos de estimación de radiación solar y déficit de presión de vapor en dos gradientes altitudinales
    (2016) Maza León, Andrea Paola; Célleri Alvear, Rolando Enrique
    The estimation of solar radiation (RS) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are a necessary process when there are no measurements of these variables in a region. This is the case in mountainous areas such as the Andes where there are insufficient measurements because of the cost and difficulty to obtain them. These variables are important in ecological and economic terms, and also to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETO). This thesis presents a comparative study of 5 empirical models to estimate RS (Hargreaves-Samani, Allen, Annandale, Chen and Ertekin-Yaldiz) and 5 models to estimate VPD (FAO56 and 4 models Castellvi), all of them based on air temperature. Daily Rs and VPD data from 6 meteorological stations were used in two altitudinal gradients located in the Quinuas and ZhurucayEcohydrological Observatories (Azuay, Ecuador). The validation criteria were performed using different statistical indices. The results showed that the original RS models need calibration and validation before they provide valid estimations. The calibrated Rs models resulted in improved estimates in the two gradients. The Chen model showed the best results for all stations in the two gradients. The results of VPD models showed in Balzay (urban) a distinct performance. Favorable results were not obtained with any model only at weather station Campamento.This study has provided calibrated equations that can be used in the Andes of southern Ecuador for estimating RS and VPD.