Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Cuenca

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Abuso de alcohol e intervención mediante habilidades sociales en estudiantes del colegio “Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza” Azogues-Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Romero Romero, María de Lourdes; Lorenzo Ruiz, Alexis
Objective: To identify cases of alcohol abuse and develop a prevention strategy through the strengthening of social skills from a cognitive-behavioral approach. Material and Methods: A study with a quantitative approach and a descriptive and intervention design was developed. About 232 students were enrolled in Ezequiel Cardenas Espinoza High School in Azogues, who agreed to participate by informed consent, and who had no physical or mental illness. The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and CAPs were applied to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices. A psychotherapeutic program with cognitive behavioral approach also was applied to enhance the social skills of selected students in 16 sessions with specific subtopics through participatory and motivational workshops. Results: About 232 students had an average age of 14.9 ± 2.07 years. The 47% male and 53% female; according to the SRQ the 23.3% (n = 54) of students consumed alcohol with a pattern that suggests problematic consumption, men consume more than women in relation 3 to 1. With the prevention strategy focused on cognitive-behavioral approach, significant statistical changes were obtained in knowledge and attitudes (p <0.05), but not in changing practices (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of alcohol abuse in the students from Ezequiel Cardenas HighSchool is higher than the reported in other studies. The Intervention with cognitive behavioral approach by strengthening social skills produced an improvement in knowledge and attitudes.
El bullying en las unidades educativas. Estrategias de intervención. Cuenca. 2016
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2016-05) Robalino Izurieta, Gladys
The bullying for its characteristics and consequences, has become a central concern in education and health, which have developed different ways of facing in order to reduce their impact and ensure compliance with the rights in children and adolescents. This work, describes the harassment or abuse between peer, “bullying” in students of primary, secondary and superior level, the interventions are analyzed and it is showed the role that health care providers should have in the field of promotion, prevention and intervention
Características del Ciberbullying en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa César Dávila Andrade. Cuenca. Ecuador. 2013
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, 2015-12) Rodas Mosquera, Juan Enrique; Vázquez Moscoso, Gustavo Adolfo; Zhiminaycela Samaniego, Milton Oswaldo; Mosquera Vallejo, Lorena Elizabeth
Antecedents: Currently adolescents develop perfectly in the use of information, technology and communication. The internet and mobile phones have become prime instruments for training, development, socialization and fun; however, sometimes they may not make good use of technology and rather some adolescents with an aggressive personality use these means to disrupt their peers and make new forms of bullying. Objective: To determine the characteristics of cyberbullying among students of “César Dávila Andrade” High School. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive study was made. The universe was conformed by the all students of the basic cycle, who were applied a modified form of the Protocol Acting School to cyberbullying from the MRTC (Multidisciplinary Research Team for Cyberbullying); for tabulation and information processing, the SPSS program, version 15 was used; as statistical measures some frequencies, averages, and percentages were used; and for the presentation of data, tables according to the objectives were drawn up, and finally for the information analysis, a descriptive statistics was used. Results: The cyberbullying occurs in 11% of the students: 9.5% in males and 15% in females; the most used media to bully are the social networks with 52%, followed by 21.7% mobile messaging; within academic consequences 34.2% have no desire to go to school, 47.4% have lowered their grades; in relation to family problems 42% have problems with their parents and siblings and according to psychological problems about 40% feel depressed and third of the victims of cyberbullying declare: “believe it is better disappear.” CONCLUSIONS: Cyberbullying cases were detected predominantly in females which shows a gender component
Estado nutricional, desarrollo madurativo y sufrimiento mental en niños, niñas y adolescentes de comunidades cercanas al proyecto megaminero "fruta del norte" en comparación con comunidades de mineria artesanal
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-12) Soliz, Fernanda; Maldonado, Adolfo; Valladares, Carolina
The study proposes an analysis of the nutritional conditions, maturity development and the emotional state of the children and adolescents (NNA) that live in Ecuadorian communities of artisanal mining; in comparison with the children and adolescents of the communities located in the area of influence of the mega mining project “Fruta del Norte”, managed by the multinational Kinross-Aurelian. This project is currently in the phase of ‘advanced exploration’. A non-experimental analytic design was applied to the universe of selected populations. The research was divided into two components. The first component characterized by small mining communities in comparison with a big scale mining communities determining differential patterns of exposure through a semi structured interview applied during an assembly in each community. The second component used an anthropometric evaluation, Bender visualmotor tests and Sacks test, to evaluate all of the NNA at the selected communities. While not significant differences were found in the nutritional conditions, an increase of emotional disorders and evolutionary developmental deficiencies among the children and adolescents of the communities close to the mega mining project. The research concludes that the conditions of the social tissue rupture and the increases of community conflicts which were attributed to the presence of the multinational are determinants of health impacts
Factores que influyen en la prevalencia de bullyng en estudiantes de los colegios rurales del Cantón Cuenca, Azuay, 2014.
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-10) Robalino Izurieta, Gladys
Objective: To determine the factors that influence in the prevalence of bullying among students from rural schools in Cuenca, Azuay, 2014 Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 493 students (283 men and 210 women) from 11 to 19 years old. The sample selection is performed by simple randomization. Data were collected through a self-applied survey; the instruments used were the questionnaire bullying CIE-A (Modified) and the Test of Family APGAR. The data were processed in SPSS 19 program. Results: The prevalence of bullying in the students from rural high schools in Cuenca is 20.0% in women, and 17.3 in men. The bullying was more evident in students from eighth, ninth and tenth year with a 21.9%. The more frequent aggression was the damage to the ownership with a 98.6%. The risk factors found were an unfavorable school environment with a 71.4%, an unfavorable familiar environment also with a 71.4%, and finally a 42.2% unfavorable individual environment. Conclusions: A significant prevalence of bullying among students in rural schools from Cuenca was found, and there is a significant association with the same family, school and individual factors which are unfavorable
Instrumento de medición de resiliencia adolescente
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2012-01) Jaramillo Oyervide, Julio Alfredo
Background: A descriptive quantitative pilot study of internal consistency for a diagnostic test for adolescent resilience assessment was conducted. The instrument named JJ63 is a test for measuring the strategies’ degree, used by teenagers, based on 9 variables. Objective: To determine internal consistency for the diagnostic test named JJ63. Method and materials: Based on a descriptive research of resilience characteristics in students held in Cuenca city (year 2010) in the Salesian Technical High School, a designed measurement instrument for adolescent resilience was applied to a random population sample 30 students. Statistical analysis were performed with Epi Dat 3.1 and SPSS 15.00 Evaluation version. Results: JJ63 test has an internal consistency of 0.8103. Conclusions: The 9 variables of the test JJ63 are successfully associated to measure teenagers’ resilience.
Menarquia temprana e insatisfacción corporal. Un estudio en siete instituciones de educación secundaria de Quito, Machala y Otavalo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-06) Tilleria Muñoz, Ylonka
Worldwide, Objective: To explore the relationship between early menarche and body dissatisfaction in adolescents enrolled in the Sierra region, in Quito and Otavalo cities, and on the Coast region, in Machala city. Method: An exploratory study was carried out in seven educational institutions from Quito, Machala and Otavalo in the period 2013 – 2014. Sociodemographic information was collected through a semi-structured survey, from the eighth grade of basic to the second year of high school. A total of 708 girls and adolescents between 11 and 20 years old made up the sample. Results: In the Sierra region, the 58% of the adolescents presented early menarche versus 42% of cases in the Coast. The average age of menarche in the Sierra region was 12.3 and on the Coast was 12 years. Conclusions: The importance of this study was to show that early menarche in cities from the Sierra and the Coast is related to body dissatisfaction. The menarche, beyond a purely biological fact, evidences the physiological processes and psychic conditions (phenotype), as well as the norms of genetic reaction (genotypes) that are expressed in the ways of life, along with the protective or destructive processes that are present in the health process.
Prevalencia de sobrepeso y factores asociados en adolescentes en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Bravo Parra, Diana Narcisa; Córdova Neira, Marcelo Fernando; Ñauta Baculima, Manuel Jaime
Overweight and obesity are currently considered a public health problem with multifactorial cause related to comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus type II, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adolescents of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Method: A descriptive and a cross-sectional study of associated factors was carried out. The sample was selected with a simple random procedure by generating a group of random numbers with the help of a computer interface, being the sample of 238 adolescents. Data about sex, residence, socioeconomic status, family Apgar, breastfeeding, eating habits and physical activity were evaluated. To determine the association, the Odds Ratio statistic was used with a confidence interval of 95% and a value of p <0.05 to define statistical significance. Results: The average age of the 238 adolescents included in the study was 12 years. The prevalence of overweight was 13.4% (IC-95% :) with predominance in the male sex 7.9%. Adolescent overweight is associated with socioeconomic status (OR: 0.169, 95% CI: 0.0418 -0.6195, p = 0.007), more if the income is higher in the head of the family (OR: 1.9848; IC-95%: 1.5353 -2.5660; p = <0.0001), the type of schooling of the adolescent (OR: 3.9481, IC-95%: 1.2732 - 12.2431 p = 0.0174), inadequate eating habits (OR: 4.5537, IC-95%: 2.0255 -10.2377, p = 0.0002). Within these eating habits, the lack of fruit consumption, not having breakfast, excessive consumption of sweets and hamburgers are risk factors. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight is important in adolescents of the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga and it is associated with the socioeconomic level, type of schooling and inadequate eating habits.
Programa educativo para mejorar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en salud sexual y reproductiva en adolescentes rurales
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Sempertegui C., Pablo
Background: Knowledge on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adolescents reaches 38%; the pregnancy rate has increased to 22,94% in rural areas. Effective comprehensive programs haven’t been evaluated in SRH, so an educational program is necessary to reinforce the actions in adolescent health. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program in improving knowledge, attitudes and practices in SRH of rural adolescents. Method and materials: An opened experimental study was developed from March 2011 to February 2012. The universe was composed of all adolescents in the rural parishes of Cuenca, the sample was stratified by parish, representative and random, the data were collected in a previously validated questionnaire, the information was processed in SPSS. Results: 120 students were randomized and 60 were assigned to the intervention group and 60 to control, 40% were women and 60% male. Before the intervention the study and control groups were statistically similar, but after the intervention there were statistically significant differences. Knowledge improved with the intervention in 27,45% (p 0.000), attitudes on 17,96% (p 0.000) and practice 7,96% (p 0.019) but not in the control group. Conclusions: The educational program designed from pre-CAPS and the deconstruction of myths significantly improves the knowledge, attitudes and practices in SRH of rural adolescents.
Psichological and behavioral problems among left-behind adolescents. The case of Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2012-12) Quizhpe Peralta, Arturo Octavio; Cañar Lojano, Hugo Anibal; Fajardo, Viviana; Flores, Nube; Guachun, Mayra; Barten, Francoise
Purpose: To assess the impact of parental migration on psychological wellbeing of Left-Behind Adolescents (LBA) in Ecuador. Left-behind are adolescents who stay in their host country, while their parent(s) migrated. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 659 schoolchildren (43% girls, age 13.9}1.2) filled in the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), advanced emotional questions and socio-demographic determinants. Statistics were used to compare the group of LBA and non-LBA (NLBA) and impacts of socio- demographic determinants within LBA’s. Results: LBA (46%) scored significant higher on the SDQ then NLBA, especially girls. Socio-demographic determinants were significantly associated with less psychological problems, for example talking about personal problems and migration after LBA aged 5. Conclusions: Parental migration has an impact on psychological wellbeing of LBA in Ecuador. Socio-de - mographic characteristics influence this impact. This article emphasizes an important and so far neglected public health problem in Ecuador. It underlines the need for policy development and profound research. Key words: adolescent psychology, Child abandoned, adolescent, migration/statistics & numerical data, socioeconomic factors, demographics, child welfare psychology, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Ecuador.

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