Browsing by Author "Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth"

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Calidad–inocuidad de la leche cruda de vaca que ingresa a centros de acopio de la provincia Cañar–Ecuador, en el contexto de las normativas latinoamericanas
(2023) Lupercio Novillo, Rosa Lucía; Macancela Herrera, Daniel Alberto; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; Abad Quevedo, Vanessa Lucia; Agurto Granda, Diego Alonso; López Espinoza, Mateo Damián; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto
The purpose of this study was to analyze physical–chemical and microbiological parameters of raw cow’s milk, in order to evaluate its quality and safety in relation to Ecuadorian regulations (INEN 009–2012), and to make a comparison with the regulations of the other Countries from Latin America such as Perú, Colombia, Venezuela, México and Argentina. Upon entering 28 collection centers in the Province of Cañar, 203 samples were taken from 6,124 producers. The analysis of: temperature, density, and titratable acidity were performed in situ, while fat, Total Solids (TS), Non – Fat Solids (NFS), protein (P), freezing point (FP), Somatic Cell Count (SCC), Total Bacteria Count (TBC), mesophilic Aerobes and Enterobacteria. They were carried out in the laboratories of AGROCALIDAD and the University of Cuenca. It was observed that in the variables: density (15°C), titratable acidity, fat, TS, NFS, P, FP (°C), the 87.5 to 100 % of samples comply with the Ecuadorian regulations and the regulations of the Countries analyzed; Colombian and Venezuelan regulations have more demanding of reference values for density, protein, titratable acidity and NFS, respectively. México and Argentina do not refer to TS and Perú doesn’t consider P. However, the results in microbiology are discouraging regarding the count of mesophilic aerobics, as only 8 % of the samples analyzed comply with the regulations of all Countries. The microbiological load is high, despite the fact that no regulation analyzed indicate maximum for TBC, an average of 24,000 × 103 colony forming units per millimeter (CFU·mL–1) was found. As a reference, some regulations in the USA set, despite a maximum of 300 × 103 CFU·mL–1 of TBC in blended milk. Regarding SCC, according to Argentine regulations, only 31 % of the samples would be within the parameters. This work provides knowledge of the current status of the quality–safety of raw milk in an important dairy area, and analyzes these results in the context of international regulations, serving to focus on continuous improvement with a view to export.
Detección de antibióticos en canales bovinas faenadas en el camal municipal del cantón Azogues, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, DIUC, 2017) Villa Parra, María Gabriela; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; López Crespo, Gonzalo Estuardo; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo
La ganadería es una de las actividades pecuarias más antiguas y tradicionales, cuyo propósito es la producción de leche y carne, la población bovina en Ecuador es de 5.3 millones de cabezas, de esta cifra el 50.64 % está en la región Sierra, cuya principal actividad es la producción de leche. En la zona austral la carne proviene de los animales que se descartan de la industria lechera por diversos problemas sanitarios y reproductivos (INEC, 2011). En la actividad ganadera se usa una gran variedad de productos farmacológicos, dentro de los cuales están los antibióticos con el fin terapéutico de controlar enfermedades bacterianas. La mayoría de estos productos tienden a depositarse en órganos y tejidos de los animales tratados, constituyendo un grave riesgo para la salud de los consumidores, sobre todo cuando no se respeta el tiempo de retiro recomendado por el fabricante. Entre los efectos nocivos relacionados con esta práctica, se incluyen reacciones de hipersensibilidad, resistencia bacteriana, alteración de la microbiota intestinal, nefropatía y hepatotoxicidad (Rico & Ferraro, 1999). El Codex Alimentarius, es el punto de referencia internacional más importante en cuanto a los límites máximos permitidos de antibióticos expresados en μg kg-1, que pueden estar presente en tejidos de animales destinados al consumo humano, permitiendo asegurar la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos (Codex, 2012). En los centros de faenamiento de la región austral del país por lo general no existe control ni regulación de la presencia de residuos de antibióticos en canales bovinas, debido a las dificultades técnicas que implican su detección y a la no aplicación de normas. De allí que el objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar la presencia de antibióticos en carne de bovinos faenados en el camal municipal de la ciudad de Azogues, mediante la prueba microbiana premi-test®. 2. MATERIALES
Detección de la presencia de antibióticos en canales bovinas faenadas en el camal municipal de la ciudad de Azogues mediante la prueba microbiana premi test
(2016) Villa Parra, María Gabriela; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; López Crespo, Gonzalo Estuardo
The main goal of this study is to detect the presence of antibiotic residues in meat originating from Azogues Municipal Slaughterhouse in a sample of 189 animals. The qualitative microbial test “Premi Test” which determine the presence of 30 types of different antibiotic substances was applied. The results show 155 positive cases, that represents 82% of the total sample. Additionally, the overall prevalence of drug residues unvaried considering the following variables: sex, age (higher and less than five years old), origin (Cañar, Azuay, Morona Santiago and Loja), race (beef pure and cross-bred cattle) and condition (emergency slaughtered calves and apparently healthy ones) was evaluated. The results indicated that the cattle presents antibiotic residues in all the cases. The chi-square test was not significant respect the relationship between age and prevalence variables. We can conclude that the beef presents antibiotic residues independently of the variables, then the meat distributed do not comply with regulatory. Finally, is very important to carry out this type of studies in all the slaughter and distribution places, in order to control this condition and to take appropriate actions to ensure beef safety for consumers
Eficacia de la prueba Elisa en muestras de leche para la vigilancia epidemiológica de la brucelosis bovina
(Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 2022) Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Lupercio Novillo, Rosa Lucía; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; López Espinoza, Mateo Damián; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; Rivera Pirela, Sergio Emiro; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Null; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago
Bovine brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease capable of infecting cattle for long periods of time. Some animals are asymptomatic, thus maintaining the disease in the herd. Cattle become infected after ingestion of contaminated milk, feed, water; also by contact with infected animals, uterine secretions or aborted fetuses and by vertical transmission. Little is known about the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in dairy herds in the province of Azuay. An initial step for the formulation of control and eradication programs would be the implementation of a surveillance system that allows characterizing the state of infection in dairy areas, and thus early detection of the entry of the disease into free herds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the indirect ELISA test (IDEXX, Brucella tank milk) in milk pools as a tool to identify herds that have not been in contact with the disease, allowing the characterization of areas free of brucellosis.
Presencia de Toxoplasma Gondii en suero sanguíneo de ganado bovino en empresas de rastro
(2024) Ortiz Molina, Paola Beatriz; Ramónez Cárdenas, Juan Carlos; Aguilar Valarezo, Fabián Enrique; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; Picón Saavedra, Marco Antonio; Haro Haro , Andrés Norberto; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth
Infectious diseases such as toxoplasmosis develop by sexual replication in mammals, cattle and humans. In cattle it can cause abortions, fever, low feed intake, respiratory pathologies and nervous system disorders. The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency of bovines seropositive to Toxoplasma gondii before slaughter, in slaughterhouses in the Province of Azuay-Ecuador. From three areas, 148 animals were sampled and antibodies were identified using the ELISA technique. The study showed 48 seropositive cattle and a relative frequency of 33% of animals seroreactive Toxoplasma gondii. Together, a positive frequency of carrying the disease was observed among groups of cattle under and over 24 months of age. The frequency of carrying the disease by region before slaughter shows a 35% relative frequency in Giron slaughterhouse, defined as the area with the highest incidence of infected animals and carriers of the disease. Among the groups of cattle slaughtered, the seropositive frequency increases due to differences in gender and Region, therefore, toxoplasmosis is considered an invasive disease Worldwide and easily transmitted to humans by animals.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Bovine Brucellosis in Dairy Farms in the Province of Azuay-Ecuador
(2023) Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; López Espinoza, Mateo Damián; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The health of herds that are not within the official Brucellosis control program in the province of Azuay is unknown, and there may be areas with a higher frequency of seropositive herds. This paper aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in dairy farms. An epidemiological study was carried out in 436 farms, for which milk samples were taken from producers in collection centers, collecting trucks and herds. A georeferenced survey was used to collect information on the management of the herds. The milk was analyzed by indirect-ELISA, and thirty-seven farms were seropositive, obtaining a prevalence of 8,5 %. The percentages of seropositivity were: Cuenca (14.84 %), Girón (23.07 %), Nabón (8.21 %), Oña (11.53 %), San Fernando (33.33 %), Sevilla de Oro (7.14 %), Sigsig (4.16 %). The Rose Bengal and competitive ELISA tests were performed on bovines that contributed to the milk pool in 34 herds, establishing a 100 % concordance of indirect ELISA to detect seronegative farms. In the logistic regression analysis, a significant association (P < 0,05) was determined between seropositivity and factors such as: geographic location, extension of the farm, exploitation system, presence of other domestic species, elimination of placental remains, reproduction system, having a higher probability of seropositivity in herds that presented abortions (OR = 2,71), estrus problems (OR = 2,09), birth of weak calves (OR = 3,24) and extensive management (OR = 3,67). These findings constitute serological evidence that Brucella spp. circulates in farms in the area. ©2023, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador.
Tipificación molecular de especies de Brucella en ganaderías lecheras de la provincia del Azuay – Ecuador
(2023) Vallecillo Maza, Antonio Javier; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra; Vintimilla Rojas, Daniela Alejandra; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; Haro Haro, Andrés Norberto
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease in cattle, caused mainly by Brucella abortus previously reported in certain regions of Ecuador. The characterization of circulating strains of B. abortus in dairy herds is vital to understand the epidemiology of this disease. The bacteriological typing is a slow, risky process and requires specialized laboratories for Brucella spp. The aim of this study was to type the strains of Brucella spp. that affect bovines in the Province of Azuay, through molecular assays, from blood and milk samples from cows seropositive to brucellosis. In farms seropositive to ELISA-Indirect in milk, 70 Holstein crossbred cows were selected, individually reacting to the Rose Bengal tests and confirmed with competitive ELISA. The DNA was extracted from these blood and milk samples, initially verifying the viability of the bovine genetic material with specific oligonucleotides for the Bos genus. The DNA amplification for Brucella spp. It was performed by PCR-AMOS with genus primers for the IS711 region and Species primers for Brucella abortus, Brucella mellitensis, Brucella suis and Brucella ovis. Bos DNA could be identified in 65 (92.8%) milk samples and in 62 (88.5%) blood samples. A total of 62 (95.4%) DNA samples extracted from milk were positive for the genus Brucella spp. All blood samples were negative. The PCR-AMOS showed bands with a molecular weight of 498 base pairs in samples from four animals corresponding to B. abortus. This is the first study of molecular identification in the Province of Azuay with scientific evidence of the species of Brucella spp. circulating in the herds of the area, serving as a basis for the future identification of B. abortus biovars not yet reported in this area of the Country.