Browsing by Author "Villarroel Rubio, Luigy Enrique"

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    Sinergismo existente entre enzimas tóxicas presentes en el veneno de serpientes en accidentes ofídicos: revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-11) Campo Guerrero, Fernando Sebastián; Villarroel Rubio, Luigy Enrique; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena
    Snakebite accidents occur in all parts of the world and arouse great interest in neglect at the public health. There are around five million people who are victims of snakebites, live in precarious conditions, and require the support of governmental entities to face this event than can be mortal. Snake venom is an enzymatic cocktail produced by survival or defense mechanisms, as a consequence, the sum of the effects in the end is greater than that achieved individually; with fatal outcomes. The review aims to present information about the mechanisms of action, possible synergistic strategies and pathophysiology of the enzymes mostly found in the Viperidae and Elapidae families. In this bibliographic review, scientific information was collected from studies conducted from 2010 to 2022, published on digital database platforms: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and SpringerLink. 253 scientific articles were collected, and 14 articles were obtained once the selection criteria were applied. These studies summarize evidence of synergism between phospholipase A2, metalloprotease, serine protease, Lamino acid oxidase and acetylcholinesterase; about to concerning potentiation of neurotoxicity, hemotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. It is shown that the presence of minimal doses of enzyme can enhance the toxic effect, acting on different targets of the same physiological process or the formation of complexes directed to a target having metabolic sparing. To conclude, in snake venom, toxins are not found as isolated molecules, but are protein substances that need others to exert their most toxic action. Synergism is described between enzymes such as: phospholipase A2 and metalloprotease in increasing cytotoxicity, also in the formation of complexes between phospholipase A2 subunits (Asp49 and Lys49) to enhance their isolated effect. This work contains information that will support future research in the development of anti-venom agents