Browsing by Author "Vazquez Zeas, Nancy Marisol"

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Epileptic status on children: diagnostic and therapeutic general aspects
(2019) Espinoza Diaz, Cristobal Ignacio; Cárdenas Bueno, Jenny Alexandra; Vazquez Zeas, Nancy Marisol; Garcia Klinger, Lessette Mirela; Garcia Alvarado, Lissette Estefania; Toscano Nuñez, Alexander Humberto; Ostaiza Veliz, Ingrid Veronica; Dalgo Pozo, Alexander Javier
© 2019, Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacologia y de Farmacologia Clinica y Terapeutica. All rights reserved. Epileptic status (ES) is a very common neurological pathology in children that requires immediate attention. Seizures are abnormal and excessive synchronous discharges of neurons in the brain that are reflected through an electroencephalogram, these have a classification based on states according to their duration and their clinical expression depends on brain activity extension. Several international guidelines define ES as a clinical or electrographic activity continues for more than 5 minutes, its incidence varies according to age, with children under 5 years being the most affected ones. However, recurrence rates are considerably higher due to central nervous system infections and affect children in developing countries to a greater extent. Specifically, febrile seizures affect infants who have greater exposure to infections of any origin, this in turn implies a mortality rate that is higher in this age group compared to adults. Its diagnosis is focused on identifying the episodes and carrying out complementary studies to discover the underlying cause, which will vary according to the case: laboratory tests, lumbar puncture and / or computed tomogra-phy. On the other hand, the treatment of ES should be aimed at stopping seizures as soon as possible, focusing on general measures with special attention to good airway management and assertive medication use.
Main diseases of the nervous system in children: a narrative review
(2019) Espinoza Diaz, Cristobal Ignacio
© 2019, Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacologia y de Farmacologia Clinica y Terapeutica. All rights reserved. In children the appearance of neurological disorders is associated with embryonic development until early childhood, these imply an important socioeconomic burden for the family nucleus, as well as for the health sector. It is important to have clear knowledge about the most frequent neurological alterations in this age group, which affect the development of the nervous system and the embryological mechanisms that are compromised. Among these diseases, there are congenital diseases such as anencephaly, holoprosencephaly, and spina bifida, such as those common in central nervous system group alterations. There are also other pathologies linked to the cranial nerves and the autonomic nervous system, as well as childhood cerebral palsy that is a group of disorders that affect the psychomotor child development associated with lesions during brain development with various risk factors such as genetic malformations, peritnatal asphyxia, among others. Other types of diseases that affect the nervous system are tumors, the most frequent being medublastoma, glioma, and ependymoma. Similarly, seizures constitute a broad heterogeneous syndrome that can be caused by some of the previously exposed diseases or be found as a unique condition, in general this type of disease generates a burden on different levels for both children and their caregivers. Therefore, prevention or timely diagnosis is essential through assertive pregnancy control since they are conditions that can be detected during pregnancy.