Browsing by Author "Van Camp, John Hendrik"

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Determinants of child malnutrition in rural and urban Ecuadorian highlands
(2014) Ortiz Ulloa, Silvia Johana; Van Camp, John Hendrik; Wijaya, Sylviana; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia; Huybregts, Lieven
Objective: To identify and compare the sociodemographic determinants of stunting, wasting and overweight among infants of urban and rural areas in the Ecuadorian highlands. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Nabon (rural) and Cuenca (urban) cantons, Azuay Province, Ecuador. Subjects: A total of 703 children aged 0–24 months and their caregivers (227 rural and 476 urban) recruited during the period from June to September 2008. Results: Stunting prevalence was significantly higher in the rural area (37?4 % v. 17?7 %; P , 0?001) while wasting (7?1 %) and overweight (17?1 %) prevalence were more similar between areas. Determinants of stunting for the pooled sample were male gender (OR 5 1?43; 95 % CI 1?06, 1?92; P 5 0?02), preterm delivery (OR 5 1?65; 95 % CI 1?14, 2?38; P 5 0?008), child’s age (OR 5 1?04; 95 % CI 1?01, 1?07; P 5 0?011), maternal education (OR 5 0?95; 95 % CI 0?92, 0?99; P 5 0?025) and facility-based delivery (OR 5 0?57; 95 % CI 0?45, 0?74; P , 0?001). The latter was also a determinant of overweight (OR 5 0?39; 95 % CI 0?25, 0?62; P , 0?001). Rural determinants of stunting were maternal height (OR 5 0?004; 95 % CI 0?00004, 0?39; P 5 0?018), diarrhoea prevalence (OR 5 2?18; 95 % CI 1?13, 4?21; P 5 0?02), socio-economic status (OR 5 0?79; 95 % CI 0?64, 0?98; P 5 0?030) and child’s age (OR 5 1?07; 95 % CI 1?02, 1?11; P 5 0?005). Urban determinants were: maternal BMI for stunting (OR 5 0?91; 95 % CI 0?84, 0?99; P 5 0?027), cough prevalence (OR 5 0?57; 95 % CI 0?34, 0?96; P 5 0?036) and facility-based delivery (OR 5 0?25; 95 % CI 0?09, 0?73; P 5 0?011) for overweight, and hygiene for wasting (OR 5 0?57; 95 % CI 0?36, 0?89; P 5 0?013). Conclusions: Infant malnutrition was associated with different sociodemographic determinants between urban and rural areas in the Ecuadorian highlands, a finding which contributes to prioritize the determinants to be assessed in nutritional interventions.
In vitro bioaccessibility and uptake of β-carotene from encapsulated carotenoids from mango by-products in a coupled gastrointestinal digestion/Caco-2 cell model
(2023) Van Camp, John Hendrik; Van de Wiele, Tom Richard; Cabezas Teran, Katty Elizabeth; Grootaert, Charlotte; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia; Ruales Najera, Jeny Cumanda; Van Bockstaele, Filip; Ortiz Ulloa, Silvia Johana
β-carotene is a carotenoid with provitamin A activity and other health benefits, which needs to become bioavailable upon oral intake to exert its biological activity. A better understanding of its behaviour and stability in the gastrointestinal tract and means to increase its bioavailability are highly needed. Using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method coupled to an intestinal cell model, we explored the stability, gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of β-carotene from microparticles containing carotenoid extracts derived from mango by-products. Three types of microparticles were tested: one with the carotenoid extract as such, one with added inulin and one with added fructooligosaccharides. Overall, β-carotene was relatively stable during the in vitro digestion, as total recoveries were above 68 %. Prebiotics in the encapsulating material, especially inulin, enhanced the bioaccessibility of β-carotene almost 2-fold compared to microparticles without prebiotics. Likewise, β-carotene bioaccessibility increased proportionally with bile salt concentrations during digestion. Yet, a bile salts level above 10 mM did not contribute markedly to β-carotene bioaccessibility of prebiotic containing microparticles. Cellular uptake experiments with non-filtered gastrointestinal digests yielded higher absolute levels of β-carotene taken up in the epithelial cells as compared to uptake assays with filtered digests. However, the proportional uptake of β-carotene was higher for filtered digests (24 – 31 %) than for non-filtered digests (2 – 8 %). Matrix-dependent carotenoid uptake was only visible in the unfiltered medium, thereby pointing to possible other cellular transport mechanisms of non-micellarized carotenoids, besides the concentration effect. Regardless of a filtration step, inulin-amended microparticles consistently resulted in a higher β-carotene uptake than regular microparticles or FOS-amended microparticles. In conclusion, encapsulation of carotenoid extracts from mango by-products displayed chemical stability and release of a bioaccessible β-carotene fraction upon gastrointestinal digestion. This indicates the potential of the microparticles to be incorporated into functional foods with provitamin A activity.
Mycotoxin co-occurrence in rice, oat flakes and wheat noodles used as staple foods in Ecuador
(2013) Mestdagh, Frédéric J.
The co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and HT-2 and T-2 toxins in the main Ecuadorian staple cereals (rice, oat flakes, and yellow and white wheat noodles) was evaluated. A ultra high performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOFMS) method was developed and validated to screen for the presence of these mycotoxins in those cereal matrices. Matrix-matched calibration curves were used to compensate for ion suppression and extraction losses and the recovery values were in agreement with the minimum requirements of Regulation 401/2006/EC (70–110%). For most mycotoxins, the LODs obtained allowed detection in compliance with the maximum permitted levels set in Regulation EC/2006/1881, with the exception of OTA in all cereals and AFB1 in yellow noodles. Extra target analysis of OTA in oat flakes and wheat noodles was performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. High rates of contamination were observed in paddy rice (23% DON, 23% FB1, 7% AFB1, 2% AFG1 and 2% AFG2), white wheat noodles (33% DON and 5% OTA) and oat flakes (17% DON, 2% OTA and 2% AFB1), whereas the rates of contamination were lower in polished rice (2% AFG1 and 4% HT-2 toxin) and yellow noodles (5% DON). Low rates of co-occurrence of several mycotoxins were observed only for white wheat noodles (5%) and paddy rice (7%). White noodles were contaminated with DON and/or OTA, while combinations of AFG1, AFB1, DON and FB1 were found in paddy rice. Yellow noodles were contaminated with DON only; oat flakes contained DON, OTA or AFB1, and polished rice was contaminated with AFG1 and HT-2 toxin.
Physical fitness among urban and rural ecuadorian adolescents and its association with blood lipids: a cross sectional study
(2014) Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Lachat, Carl K.; Andrade Tenesaca, Dolores Susana; Kolsteren, Patrick Wilfried; Cardon, Greet Maria; Rojas Reyes, Rosendo Ivan; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia; Van Camp, John Hendrik; Verstraeten, Roosmarijn
Background: Physical fitness has been proposed as a marker for health during adolescence. Currently, little is known about physical fitness and its association with blood lipid profile in adolescents from low and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is therefore to assess physical fitness among urban and rural adolescents and its associations with blood lipid profile in a middle-income country. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2008 and April 2009 in 648 Ecuadorian adolescents (52.3% boys), aged 11 to 15 years, attending secondary schools in Cuenca (urban n = 490) and Nabón (rural n = 158). Data collection included anthropometric measures, application of the EUROFIT battery, dietary intake (2-day 24 h recall), socio-demographic characteristics, and blood samples from a subsample (n = 301). The FITNESGRAM standards were used to evaluate fitness. The associations of fitness and residential location with blood lipid profile were assessed by linear and logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: The majority (59%) of the adolescents exhibited low levels of aerobic capacity as defined by the FITNESSGRAM standards. Urban adolescents had significantly higher mean scores in five EUROFIT tests (20 m shuttle, speed shuttle run, plate tapping, sit-up and vertical jump) and significantly most favorable improved plasma lipid profile (triglycerides and HDL) as compared to rural adolescents. There was a weak association between blood lipid profile and physical fitness in both urban and rural adolescents, even after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusions: Physical fitness, in our sample of Ecuadorian adolescents, was generally poor. Urban adolescents had better physical fitness and blood lipid profiles than rural adolescents. The differences in fitness did not explain those in blood lipid profile between urban and rural adolescents.