Browsing by Author "Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo"

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Análisis comparativo de la concepción filosófica de justicia entre Lorenzo Peña y Robert Nozick
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-16) Castañeda Zúñiga, Evelyn Gabriela; Garvin Pérez, Anja; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
In this article, we develop a comparative analysis of the philosophical conception of justice between Lorenzo Peña and Robert Nozick, highlightning the importance of the concept of justice for the philosophy, understanding that it is handle in a complex and multifaceted form and required a critical and deep reflection. Therefore, we present the arguments used by our authors regarding the role of justice in society and the State. For this reason, we refer to the primary and secondary sources of our authors, highlighting that, in the case of our main author, Lorenzo Peña, we conducted evolutionary research into his thought since 1989 with Flew on entitlements & Justice until his video Ecos del Azuay no35: Filosofía social y política (1a parte), (2023). Concerning Robert Nozick, we had taken his main work Anarchy, State and Utopia (1990). In this context, it is essential to understand on which arguments each author bases his conceptions of justice. On the one hand, Lorenzo Peña has a certain affinity with Communism, where an important role is given to the common good; Robert Nozick, in contrast, prefers Libertarianism, advocating individual rights and private property, i.e., a minimum status. Thus, after analyzing the basic arguments of each author, the main similarities and differences in their conceptions of justice will be identified.
Análisis comparativo de la teoría del contrato social en Hobbes y Rousseau
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-13) Cajamarca Yanza, María del Carmen; Uyaguari Cajamarca, Nicole Estefania; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
The present work develops a comparative analysis of the theory of the social contract in Hobbes and Rousseau, highlighting the central elements of said theory, such as: the state of nature, civil state, conception of the human being, the State, the social contract, and society. For this we refer to the primary and secondary sources of the authors to analyze, some of the works of the authors are: The Leviathan (1651) and De Cive (1642) by Thomas Hobbes, and The Social Contract (1762) by Rousseau. In this context, it is necessary to highlight that this theory is based on contractualism, which helps us to identify how the State and society arise. For this, it will be necessary to know how the transition from a state of nature to a civil or political state takes place, the first can be defined as a state prior to society, that is, the moment in which men lived freely and without the domain of political power. On the other hand, both Hobbes and Rousseau define the civil or political state as a state subsequent to the social contract, in which society is already formed and the Government appears as the guarantor and regulator of certain rights such as security, self-preservation, and privacy social peace. Thus, after analyzing the fundamental categories of the social contract, the main similarities and differences present in this theory will be identified.
Análisis comparativo del proceso inclusivo con relación a la discapacidad intelectual leve y moderada en el bachillerato enfatizando investigaciones realizadas en Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-21) Palacios Barbecho, Jorge Manuel; Pacheco Pacheco, Mónica Patricia; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
In this paper, through a bibliographic study, a comparative analysis of the inclusive education of students with intellectual disabilities in some regular educational institutions in Ecuador is carried out. This educational approach that, following the principles of quality and Equity, seeks to develop cognitive and social skills in students. However, conditions are required to be adequate to ensure that the inclusive educational process is beneficial. In this regard, a description of the conditions that make it possible for the process to be successful is made. Also, some results of research conducted in public and private regular educational institutions of the country regarding the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities are presented. The purpose of reviewing these investigations is to conduct a comparative analysis that allows to have a broader picture of the positive and negative aspects of inclusive education in the Ecuadorian context. The conclusions highlight the importance of this educational approach so that students with intellectual disabilities can develop interpersonal relationships and strengthen their autonomy. However, there are conditions that are not being the most appropriate to enrich the learning process, such as: teacher training and the participation of families.
Análisis crítico de la defensa utilitarista de Peter Singer sobre la obligación moral de los ricos para reducir la pobreza
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-05-05) Castillo Chávez, Jessenia Jaqueline; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
There are several controversial and social issues that lead human beings to reflect on the practice of values and altruism, among them, and with the greatest current impact, is the reduction of poverty. One of the great representatives of this objective is the contemporary philosopher Peter Singer, who recognizes poverty as an absurd and intolerable situation. The fact that many people die from lack of food, shelter or medical care is an alarming issue since can be avoided without sacrificing anything morally significant and, therefore, he believes that people must rethink their moral duty to others. Likewise, after several writings, in his work The live you can save (2009), he manages to determine viable means for its eradication, donations by wealthy people, taking into consideration the huge amount of money they possess and that would not affect their standard of living if they donated a part of it. This work collects the author's arguments about the moral obligation of the rich to help the poor from the writings: Hunger, wealth and morality (1971), Practical Ethics (1984), Ethics to live better (1995), Compendium of ethics (2004) and finally in the work the live you can save (2009). In addition, the criticisms of authors such as: Dalia Romero, Andrés Gallardo, Cecilia Pourrieux and Macario Alemany, who find inconsistencies in Peter Singer's utilitarian defense in order to contrast and analyze it
Análisis crítico del emotivismo ético de Bertrand Russell
(2019-04-23) Sánchez Carchipulla, Hugo Andrés; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This paper is a critical analysis of the ethical theory of Bertrand Russell, which has evolved throughout his life and is understood to have taken place in four stages. The first stage from 1998-1913 is defined as cognitivist. The second stage from 1913-1920, the third 1920-1944 and fourth stage 1944-1970 were all non-cognitivist. The last stage is the greatest work of the philosopher; in it, he tries to arrive at a theory that synthesizes cognitivism and not cognitivism in a theory called intersubjectivity, which supposes the consensus of social desires.
Análisis de la concepción aristotélica de la eudemonía en relación con su ética
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-15) Bermeo Bustamante, Brigette Estephany; Ordoñez Castro, Alisson Micaela; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This paper analyzes the ultimate purpose of the human being from the Aristotelian perspective. It studies the virtue ethics proposed by Aristotle, which will allow him to act in a better way as a result of the best intentions of the soul. His position promotes a point of equilibrium between excesses and defects, which is regulated by intellectual virtues and ethical virtues, in order to reach a state of contemplation, which allows the human being to reach fullness through the exercise of activities that have links with passions, ways of being and faculties. However, it presents difficulties regarding the notion of the good and the activities that we must carry out to achieve fulfillment, which in Aristotle is called eudemonía.
Análisis de la crítica al desarrollo capitalista realizada por Leonardo Boff y su propuesta alternativa desde la práctica y la ética
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-25) Chapa Bayolima, Ana del Rosario; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
The paradigm of the development model based on capitalism has resulted in a crisis of economic, environmental and social magnitudes at all levels. That is why this investigation work aims to analyze the ethical and practical alternative proposal stablished by the theologian Leonardo Boff, which is based on his critique of the capitalist development. From a critical review of his work, in comparison with other authors, the arguments presented by Boff against capitalist development were analyzed, taking into account the need for development for humanity. In a second part, his proposals for alternatives to development, such as bioregionalism and Earth ethics, were also analyzed. Finally, a reflection was made on Good Living along with the relationship that this philosophy has with Boff's postulates and the arguments of relevant authors on the subject. It was concluded that Boff goes beyond a critique of the capitalist model, postulating theories that seek an alternative towards achieving a balanced experience with the ecosystem.
Análisis explicativo de la génesis y mantenimiento del holocausto judío en el régimen nacionalista alemán de 1933-1945
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-23) Vallejo Valladares, Camila Pamela; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
In the 21st century, the Jewish Holocaust represents a tragic episode in which appropriately 11,000,000 prisoners lost their lives under the rule of the German National Socialist regime in the period 1933-1945. The present research seeks to understand how the final solution of the Jewish Holocaust was possible from an integral analysis of the social theories and ideologies, inciting for the consolidation of the Jewish Holocaust. Totalitarianism, nationalism, racism, fascism and Nazism are all aimed at oppressing societies on the basis of a social inequality apparently designed by nature. On the basis of these doctrines, the actions of the Nazi regime were justified. The questions of how was the Holocaust possible? what are the reasons for this phenomenon? what elements made this scenario possible? how did a cultured Germany of the 20th century, cradle of brilliant rationalist philosophers and a country developed in the exact sciences, allow and disguise the greatest genocide in history? what was the origin of the deadly doctrine, and how did it manifest and manifest itself at the height of its power? will be analyzed in the present work.
Análisis interpretativo de los textos de Filosofía de las Series Ingenios y Alto Rendimiento
(2019-04-24) Marín Trelles, Nátaly Elizabeth; Contreras Calle, Franklin Darío; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This paper aims to analyze the texts of the Philosophy course of the Ingenios Series and the High Performance Series in an interpretative way specifically the units that develop the third central theme of the official curriculum of the Republic of Ecuador for the subject of Philosophy: Western philosophy and Latin American philosophy. In the first instance, the texts are analyzed and described based on the skills with performance criteria that each text brings. It takes into account the knowledge, the skills that each text contains in relation to the original work from which the information is obtained, the images that accompany this knowledge or skills and finally the activities and evaluations destined to consolidate them. Based on this description and analysis, the information is processed in order to reveal the contribution of these texts for the achievement of the other elements of the curriculum selected for this work in chapter three.
Aproximación crítica desde la ética de la liberación al concepto de desarrollo sostenible incluido en el plan nacional para el buen vivir 2009-2013
(2012) Márquez Lloré, Santiago; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
Arte y/o violencia: debates y reflexiones desde el arte y sus víctimas
(2015) León Galarza, Soledad Valentina; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This thesis offers a description of the abject art, including works, theories and artists, with special attention to those expressions that imply aggression towards animals. It will focus in the search of its psychic, social, political and cultural roots, as well as its effects in the same areas. It will also include an analysis of the installation of violence as an accepted social practice, a description of the art´s role and responsibility in such process, the devaluation of life and its conceptualization as a not transcendental and insignificant fact, and its bio political repercussions. The study will include an inventory of the aesthetic perspectives that question the possibility of art – violence relationship, as well as arguments towards the link between art and ethics, at the same range as any other human activity.
Construyendo el Buen Vivir
(Universidad de Cuenca. PYDLOS, 2012) Acosta, Alberto; Oviedo, Atawallpa; Unceta, Koldo; Yeimi Alexandra, Arias; Vega, Fernando; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo; Torres, Leonardo; Levy, Sary; Alaminos Chica, Antonio Francisco; Phélan, Mauricio; Guillén, Alejandro; Valdeavellano, Rocío; Martínez, Asunción; Tortosa, Juan; Caus, Nuria; Coraggio, José Luis; Schavelzon, Salvador; Krainere, Anita; Guerra, Martha; Guandinando, Yuri; Phélan, Mauricio; Guillén García, Alejandro
La depredación animal como problema ético
(2016) Caicedo Romero, Andrea Karina; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This paper summarizes and examines some of the philosophical considerations in regard to animal predation seen as an ethical problem, that is, of concern to humans and their actions. The author will assess some stances in favor of humanity acting to preserve and care for animals, as well as others which, on the contrary, argue for human non-intervention in the lives of animals and the normal life cycle of nature. Lastly, the author will defend her view that vegetarianism is the only ethically justifiedform of human intervention in order to reduce animal predation, whilst rejecting the interventionist viewpoint, which intends to stop all kinds of predation within the animal kingdom.
Diferenciación entre el naturalismo jurídico de Lorenzo Peña y el de Antonio Enrique Pérez Luño
(2016) Gándara Pizarro, Jaime Humberto; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
The current project’s main goal is to differentiate Lorenzo Peña and Antonio Enrique Pérez Luño legal naturalism. In order to achieve this proposal, three steps were followed: the analysis of jusnaturalism characteristics regarding Lorenzo Peña and Antonio Enrique Pérez Luño, and finally, the analysis of differences between both jusnaturalistic postures. Throughout this study, it was found that Lorenzo Peña’s jusnaturalism is rather a legal essentialism; however, it is jusnaturalism because it allows the human being to live according the human nature that seeks the wellbeing of the collectivism. On the other hand, Pérez Luño´sjusnaturalism open to necessary changes which intend to avoid close-minded paradigms. Finally, it was demonstrated that both postures, indeed differ from each other, because the dynamism of the position Peña does not alter the Natural Right, rather it is eternal and immutable; meanwhile, Pérez Luño Natural Right is always attainable to critical revision. To conclude, this project has demonstrated to be valid and transferable, becoming apt to be applied in the philosophical field.
Educacción integral a través de la asignatura de educación para la ciudadanía según el Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-02-07) Morocho Rumipulla, Jéssica Eugenia; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This work presents an analysis of the 2016 education reform proposed by the Ministry of Education of Ecuador, particularly, regarding the subject “Education for Citizenship” (EfC) which is taught in the 1st and 2nd years of the General Unified Baccalaureate. The subject is defined as a contribution to an integral education for individuals with solid bases in values such as solidarity, respect and honesty. In the first place we discuss about social conflicts both in the private and public life of individuals resulting from a lack of values. Then the controversy between two social groups with different and opposite positions is presented; the first group is in favor of EfC being taught in public schools given that values are essential to form the character and personality of students in order to face the current challenges in society. Whereas the second group is opposed to inculcating in individuals certain values claiming that it violates their freedom by forming their thinking in a certain way. Finally, an analysis of the contents, objectives, skills, methods and evaluation criteria presented by EfC curriculum is carried out. Consequently, we sought to analyse the EpC contribution to providing an integral education
El gradualismo de Lorenzo Peña como propuesta para flexibilizar el debate sobre el aborto
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-06) Yanza Córdova, Lorena Estefanía; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This work addresses the debate on abortion from a moral perspective. In chapter 1, it reviews the philosophical discipline of ethics to establish the foundations, principles, and criteria by which the various arguments for and against the practice of abortion will be assessed. The second chapter presents the argumentation of those who believe abortion is equivalent to homicide and advocate for its prohibition in most or all cases, depending on the author. The third chapter unfolds the argumentation of proabortion advocates, who assert that the nasciturus is not a complete human being; therefore, abortion does not constitute a homicide and should not be criminalized, as it violates the rights of the pregnant woman. In the face of this polarization of positions, Lorenzo Peña's gradualist theory transcends the impasse in the abortion debate because its gradualist logic introduces flexibility in the kind of answer one can advance in the debate, overcoming the significant criticisms that standard logic cannot address. If the issue hinges on whether the nasciturus is or is not a human being with rights, Peña's stance is that it both is and is not. This explicit paradoxical response opens up a spectrum of degrees between the non-existence and existence of the human being, within which the practice of abortion can be more or less permissible depending on the stage of pregnancy and the reasons or justifications of the pregnant woman.
La Etica en la época Helenistico-Romana
(2001) Puin, Angel; Sangurima, Mario; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
Etica y deuda externa: un acercamiento a la ética liberadora de Enrique Dussel, para demostrar la inmoralidad de la deuda externa en América Latina
(2001) Astudillo Banegas, José Efraín; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
Evaluación y debate en torno a la obra: el utilitarismo, de John Stuart Mill
(2015) Morocho Sánchez, Juan Javier; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
All action is done with a vision at the end. My contribution to the utilitarian theory will be give to this option a wide spreading. The theme of utilitarianism is valuable because it covers much of the issues like freedom, happiness, ethics, morals, Why human beings must constantly search for the best to itself and the community? We are looking for a new look about, or reassessment expose the Mill´sutilitarianism, proposing action alternatives for our behavior, which offer us an answer about the problems as the just or unjust, moral or immoral, good or bad, etc.
Filosofía de la psicología: análisis crítico del mentalismo, conductismo, y psicobiología desde el emergentismo racional de Mario Bunge
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-21) Orellana Moscoso, Abrahan Felipe; Vásconez Carrasco, Fernando Marcelo
This research analyzes critically the psychological currents of mentalism, behaviorism, and psychobiology, from the philosophical perspective of Mario Bunge's rational emergentism. The methodology used is the bibliographic documentary study. The research findings show that rational emergentism is made up of four principles: materialism, systemism, emergentism, and psychoneural monism. Mentalism comes from the dualisms of Plato and Descartes, and from the psychology of the faculties. The schools of psychology based in this current are structuralism and functionalism, as well as the approaches of Gestalt, computational psychology, and psychoanalysis. The epistemology of classical behaviorism is the immature realism, and its ontology is the limited naturalism. Neo-behaviorism introduces intermediate variables and hypotheses in the postulates of psychology, abandoning the E-R orthodoxy. Finally, psychobiology understands the brain functioning based on three hypotheses: psychosystemism, functional localizationism (weak), and psychoneural identity theory