Browsing by Author "Soto Minchalo, Gisselle Marcela"

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Análisis del etiquetado de confitería y dulces expendidos en los supermercados de la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-08-18) Soto Minchalo, Gisselle Marcela; Valarezo Álvarez, Gabriela Valentina; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María
The food industry uses nutrient claims, health claims, offers, and the use of promotional characters as marketing strategies. The inclusion of these strategies can affect the purchasing patterns of children and teenagers, becoming a public health issue by influencing childhood obesity. The present study evaluated compliance with the Ecuadorian policies that regulate nutritional labeling (INEN NTE 1334-1, 2 and 3; INEN RTE 022). This study also aimed to identify the proportion of health/nutrient claims and promotional strategies mostly used in sweet snacks sold in Cuenca, Ecuador according to the INFORMAS protocol. The data was obtained from 284 sweet snacks, within 11 different categories, purchased in a representative supermarket in Cuenca. A standardized photographic database was developed and used to fill out a form in the KoboKollect application, then analyzed in Excel. The general results were: NTE 1334-1 on basic labeling requirements was fully met. NTE 1334-2 on the mandatory nutrients was not reported on all products. RTE-022 was complied in most cases and there was a high percentage of “HIGH IN…” sugar and fat. The declarations were analyzed according to the INFORMAS protocol since NTE 1334- 3 lacks depth, such as not taking into account the “Environmental declarations” and “Other declarations related to health”. The most used advertising strategies were the use of the company's own characters, web pages, and recognitions or awards. The main problem found was that the current policies aren’t as rigorous as policies that have been demonstrated effective in other countries. Ecuador implements the mandatory use of the nutritional traffic light in its label, but it has not proven to be effective to lower the consume of ultra processed foods like the case of the warning symbols. Ecuador needs new and strict policies to regulate the marketing strategies that influence the health of Ecuadorian children and teens.
Concentración de flúor en agua en parroquias rurales del cantón Cuenca–Ecuador
(2023) Parra Coronel, Janeth Judith; Cabrera Andrade, Andrea Alexandra; Soto Minchalo, Gisselle Marcela; Torres Calle, María Fernanda; Andrade Tenesaca, Dolores Susana; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Astudillo Neira, Diana Ligia de Lourdes
Introducción: El flúor en agua potable ha demostrado ser efectivo contra las caries, sin embargo, una alta exposición a fluoruros es una de las principales causas de fluorosis dental en niños. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la concentración de flúor en agua de consumo para conocer si constituye un factor de riesgo para la fluorosis dental en niños del sector rural de Cuenca-Ecuador. Metodos: El muestreo se realizó en nueve parroquias rurales del cantón, en tres puntos de red: (1) tanques de captación, (2) tanques de almacenamiento del sistema de potabilización, y (3) el sistema de distribución en escuelas, considerando el periodo estacional de verano (época sequía) o invierno (época lluviosa). Las determinaciones de flúor se realizaron con la técnica del ion selectivo. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que todas las muestras estuvieron debajo de la concentración de 1.5 mg/L (límite OMS), en los rangos: 0,0–0,0565 mg/L en los tanques de captación; 0,0–0,0440 mg/L en los tanques de almacenamiento; y 0,0–0,0525 mg/L en los sistemas de distribución de las instituciones educativas. La prueba ANOVA indicó que las variables parroquias y estación influyen en la concentración de fluoruros (valor p<0.01). Conclusiones: La concentración de flúor en el agua es menor a la concentración límites permitida, lo anterior permite descartar al agua potable como causa para el desarrollo de fluorosis dental. Los hallazgos presentados respaldan el investigar otros factores de riesgo como condiciones geográficas, alimentación, dentífricos, etc., debido a que la fluorosis dental constituye un problema multifactorial
Efecto de ejercicios pliométricos modificados en voleibol categoría 13-15 años masculino
(2023) Coronel Rosero, Claudio Xavier
Volleyball studies in male pre-adolescents are scarce but important to maintain competitiveness in sports tournaments. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a specific plyometric exercise program using sports implements to improve explosive strength in 13–15-year-old volleyball players. There were two groups: a control group (CG, n=12) and an experimental group (EG, n=13). The CG performed a conventional plyometric program and the GE a plyometric program with implements (jump trainer, resistance harness, resistance bands, etc.) for a period of twelve weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention jumping ability was assessed using the Block Jump, Attack Jump, Abalakov and Squat Jump tests. T-tests and Cohen's test were applied to identify statistical differences in jumping and intervention effect size (TE). Both groups presented a gain in jumping ability in the 4 tests, however the only statistically significant gain was presented in the Abalakov test (p=0.02), specifically the gain was 5.415±2.60cm and a TE=0.54 (median effect) for the GE and 3.066±2.63cm and a TE of 0.73 (median effect) for the GC. It is concluded that the plyometric exercise program with implements improved the vertical jump measured with the Abalakov Test, which better simulates game conditions. It is advisable to continue with studies focused on explosive strength in this age group, considering the sports experience and physiologi-cal development of the individual; it is also important that training programs include other components (e.g., strength and speed training, nutrition-al advice, and/or mental health) that could influence explosive strength
Evaluación del efecto toxicológico de extractos metanólicos de hojas de Jungia rugosa utilizando Danio rerio (pez cebra) como modelo in vivo para establecer predicciones basado en la huella cromatográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-22) Soto Minchalo, Gisselle Marcela; León Tamariz, Fabián
Jungia rugosa is a plant with great medicinal potential but with limited relevant information regarding its toxicity. The objectives of this research were: (i) to evaluate the toxicity of methanolic extracts of J. rugosa on the zebrafish model (Danio rerio) and to associate it with its chromatographic fingerprint determined by HPLC to predict toxicity; (ii) to explore possible molecules responsible for toxicity by TLC and GC. The methanolic extracts were divided into: crude extract without treatment, and extract defatted by fractionation. The embryotoxicity of these extracts was evaluated on zebrafish using the Fish Embryo Water Toxicity Test (FET). In parallel, the extracts were analyzed by HPLC, GC and TLC. Data analysis was performed by Partial Least Squares regression. Crude methanolic extracts were lethal in zebrafish embryos, exhibiting a Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50) within the range 12.40-29.54 μg/mL. On the contrary, defatted samples showed no toxicity (doses up to 500 μg/mL). HPLC analysis allowed establishing the chromatographic profile for all methanolic extracts of J. rugosa. Through complementary tests, the presence of acylglycerides was determined and the profile of fatty acids present was identified. The evaluation of embryotoxicity and chromatography associated the composition of the extracts with the LC50 response. The PLS method identified the possible peaks responsible in the chromatograms, exhibiting a difference in the concentrations of total extracts and defatted extracts.
Hábitos de higiene dental y fluorosis dental en niños de zonas rurales del Ecuador. Un estudio de casos y controles
(2022) Lazo Verdugo, Nelly Soraya; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Astudillo Neira, Diana Ligia de Lourdes; Andrade Tenesaca, Dolores Susana; Torres Calle, María Fernanda; Parra Coronel, Janeth Judith; Soto Minchalo, Gisselle Marcela; Escandón Dután, Samuel Adrián; Cabrera Andrade, Andrea Alexandra
Dental fluorosis is an important public health problem in the child population of developing countries. Objective: To determine the association between dental hygiene habits and moderate to severe dental fluorosis in children in the rural area of the canton of Cuenca. Methods: A case (n=109) control (n=128) study was carried out among children from rural parishes in Cuenca between October 2019 and February 2020. Cases were children with moderate to severe dental fluorosis according to Dean's index; while controls were healthy children without dental fluorosis of any type. A previously validated instrument was applied to evaluate dental hygiene habits and sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were applied to establish the association between hygiene habits and moderate to severe dental fluorosis.Results: The mean age of the cases was 9.3±1.5 years and 8.6± 1.3 for the controls. The age of the children (OR=1.37 CI95% 1.12;1.67 P=0.002), the use of adult toothpastes from the beginning of brushing (OR=2.38 CI95% 1.23;4.62 P=0.010), and the use of more toothpaste (OR=2.12 CI95% 1.02;4.40 P=0.044) were positively associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis. Results: The mean age of the cases was 9.3±1.5 years and 8.6± 1.3 for the controls. The age of the children (OR=1.37 CI95% 1.12;1.67 P=0.002), the use of adult toothpastes from the beginning of brushing (OR=2.38 CI95% 1.23;4.62 P=0.010), and the use of more toothpaste (OR=2.12 CI95% 1.02;4.40 P=0.044) were positively associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis. Conclusion: Age, the use of adult toothpaste and the use of more toothpaste are associated with the risk of dental fluorosis. Strategies to promote proper dental hygiene should be promoted and future studies should analyze the costs and quality of toothpaste sold in Ecuador
Modelos de variables latentes en patrones de alimentación y actividad física en niños/adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
(2023) Andrade Tenesaca, Dolores Susana
Introduction. Due to the limited evidence on the modeling of eating and physical activity (PA) patterns based on latent variables, the present review study aims to describe the statistical techniques applied to model these patterns in children and adolescents and to assess their methodological quality. Materials and methods. The search was performed in electronic databases (Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science and Cochrane) with the words ‘diet’, ‘physical activity’, children and ‘latent variable’. We included articles that used statistical models based on latent variables to analyze diet and PA patterns in healthy children and adolescents, published between 2014-2019, in English or Spanish. Results. Among the 27 selected articles, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was the most used (77.78%); followed by the Latent Profile Model (7.41%), while, the remaining 14.81% applied the Common Factor Model, Ecological Model and Multilevel Logistic Regression Model. The SEM was applied to 12 of the 16 articles with PA approach, and in 7 of the 9 articles with eating approach. The 48.15% of studies did justify the use of the model, and 37.04% were classified as “Excellent” quality (meet 85% or more of the STROBE items). Conclusions. The SEM was the most commonly used to model the PA and eating patterns in children and adolescents, however, only half of the articles justify their relevance. Study reporting guidelines should evaluate the methodological quality of the statistical models applied.