Browsing by Author "Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo"

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Agrupamiento en base a tamaño, registros, manejo alimentario, estado reproductivo y salud de unidades bovinas de producción lechera en la provincia de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015) Chuma, J.; Chilpe, M. I.; Pesántez, J. L.; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Guevara, G.; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca
Efecto probiótico de bioaditivo obtenido a partir de residuos agroindustriales sobre el comportamiento bioproductivo y cambios histológicos de pollitos
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, 2019) Astudillo Riera, Fabián Manuel; Miranda Yuquilema, Jose Efrain; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Miranda Yuquilema, Jose Efrain
The objective of the study was to evaluate the different doses of bioadditive obtained from agroindustrial residues, on bioproductive behavior and histological changes of chickens (1- 21 days of age). A total of 400 COBB 500 hybrid chickens were used, distributed in four groups of 100 chicks. The doses evaluated were: T1, control; T2, 0.25; T3, 0.35 and T4, 0.50 mL of bioadditive, respectively. The bioadditive is obtained from a mixture of vinegar must and cane molasses with prior treatment, incubated at 37 ° C for 36 hours. Through a completely randomized design, weight gain (GP), feed conversion (CA), occurrence of diarrhea, mortality and histological changes of the chicken intestine with 21 days of age were evaluated. For the histological study, 10 house chickens were sacrificed. The GP in chicks of group T3 and T4 (50 and 80 g) were higher (P <0.0015) compared to the others. As for CA, it was superior in T3 (P <.0001) compared to other treatments. The occurrence of diarrhea and mortality was lower (P <0.05) in all the groups that received treatments, of these the best was in T3; In this same group there was no mortality from 1 to 21 days of age. The size and weight of the intestine was higher (164 cm and 43 g) in T3 (P <0.0001) compared to the other groups under study. The animals that consumed diets containing 0.35 mL of bioadditive (T3), the size of the duodenum, jejunum and ilium was higher (P <0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of bioadditive with probiotic action obtained from agro-industrial waste improves weight gain, reduction of diarrheal disorders, mortality and intestinal health of the chick (1- 21 days of age) in the critical period of the animal.
Eficiencia técnica en granjas lecheras de la sierra andina mediante modelación con redes neuronales
(2019) Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; López Crespo, Gonzalo Estuardo; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Guzmán Espinoza, Clelia Kathrine; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Aguirre De juana, Angel Javier
Aim: The aim of this work was to estimate the efficiency of milk production in 1 168 cases in Ecuadoran Sierra Sur Andina, with the implementation of neural networks with multilayer perceptrons. Materials and Methods: These cases were collected from secondary samples provided by the Official Institute of National Statistics of Ecuador, in 2016. The variables chosen for the model were total milk production on the previ-ous day (P), as dependent variable; and total cattle heads (CH), total laborers in the field (E), and total surface at-tended by laborer (S), as independent variables. The selection criteria were the existence of data from individual cas-es, and their impact on the dependent variable. Results: The average efficiency was 8.11 %, from which the total cases detected efficiently (> 0.70) accounted for 11 (0.9 % of the sample). Later, the cases studied were classified into three groups, depending on the efficiency calculated: Group 1 (≤ 0.4 efficiency); Group 2 (> 0.4 - ≤ 0.7 efficiency); and Group 3 (> 0.7 efficiency). Conclusion: A comparison produced several statistical differences (P < 0.01) for variables total milk production/year on the farm, total field laborers, farm size, total cows, total cattle heads, calvings, pregnant cows, and served cows.
Estudio exploratorio sobre la presencia de contaminantes en leche cruda proveniente de la cuenca lechera del Tarqui de la sierra sur ecuatoriana
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Ortíz A., Maira; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Aguilar Valladares, Yolanda Mercedes; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Paguay N., Tatania; Coronel A., Angel G.
The present survey aimed to define the presence of contaminants in the raw milk of ten collection centers, with a reception capacity between 2,000 and 10,000 liters, situated in seven cantons of the Province of Azuay. Ninety samples were collected during three visits to each of the collection centers during the months of July and August 2016. In each sample the presence of antibiotics, hydrogen peroxide and neutralizers was analyzed by means of rapid diagnostic tests accredited in the food safety laboratory of AGROCALIDAD, an official institution of quality control. For the detection of antibiotics, a Trisensor® kit with validated sensitivity, applied worldwide, was used to detect and evaluate the level of three antibiotic families: beta-lactams, sulfonamides and tetracyclines, versus the maximum permissible limits in the Codex Alimentarius. The detection of hydrogen peroxide was performed by Test M-Quant™ measuring a range between 0.5 to 25 mg per liter of milk. The presence of neutralizers was determined by the alizarin method according to NTE NTE INEN 10:2012. 141,500 liters of raw milk were analyzed of which 64.7% were not fit for human consumption for the presence of one or more of the studied substances according to the NTE INEN Standard 9:2012 and the Codex Alimentarius. 13.3% of the samples were positive for beta-lactam antibiotics, but sulfonamides and tetracyclines was not detected. Besides 16.4% of the raw milk was adulterated with hydrogen peroxide and 60% with neutralizers
Ganancias de peso vivo en novillas que pastan Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum, Ex Chiov) fertilizado con pollinaza
(2019) Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Lascano Armas, Paola J.; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Atzori, Alberto S.; Molina Molina, Elsa; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Aguirre de Juana, Angel Javier; García Zumalacarregui, Jorge Alejandro
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect on the Kikuyo pasture and the growth of Holstein vaconas of different doses of Pollinaza as organic fertilizer. The work was carried out in a dairy system of 21.6 ha in the province of Cotopaxi in Ecuador, located at 2º 13' North and 78º 24'W at 2651 masl. Rainfall averages 1103 mm I year and temperatures between 14-21 oC. The research compared three levels of organic fertilization with pollinaza (O, 50 and 100 kg/ha/year, represented as FO, F50 and F100) in pastures of Kikuyo Heifers of 210 kg of live weight were used and the conception of the work was like a system to generate animals ready for reproduction. The fertilizers were applied manually in each season for the highest doses. Dry sprinkler irrigation was applied. Rational grazing was used for the delivery of two grass I day strips. The rest time was 21-28 days throughout the period. Balanced supplementation was used at a rate of 1 kg I per heifer I day. Own cut forage was used. The botanical composition was determined. The dry matter availabilites were determined with 1O frames per pasture and 30 height observations. The average vaconas gains, final weight and expenses I vacona ($) were measured, differences were found (p <0.05) in favor of the F100 treatment and its population increases to 93.7% and its biomass production was higher. The weight increases in vaconas were favorable to the treatment with F1OO. The animals that pastured the most fertilized pastures with Pollinaza showed better consumption of grass and grassland condition greater weight gains and weights at the end of the test than the animals that grazed the less fertilized with pollinaza.
Milk production and sustainability of the dairy livestock systems with a high calving concentrate pattern at the early spring
(VETERINARY ORGANIZATION, 2016-05-01) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Vera, Guillermo Emilio; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago
A research was development with the objective to evaluate the effects of different factors that affect the efficiency of the calving concentrate pattern at the early spring dairy systems in Cuban since 1988 until 2013. The results were obtained for the information of 210 dairy farms with high concentration of calving in early spring (60-80% of calving of annual) and find an important effects on more milk production and minor quantities of fuel oil consumed /1000 kg of milk produced than non concentrate calving pattern dairy systems. In theses cases the responses on milk production was great in the range of 21506kg to 46250kg respect to others. The operational costs were diminished in all time with pattern of early spring calving on 35.1% - 29.7%. The results reached, with low supplements, minor energy costs per kg of milk produced per/cow and ha with high calving concentration in spring respect to the others systems with disorder in calving pattern are superior. The global warming potential (GWP) in the systems with high concentration of calving in early spring was approximately 31-27 % minor the methane production based in more better Forage-Concentrate relation (81% forages-19% concentrates) in the feed than the others systems, and positives balances of Nitrogen with values of -7.2 kg./ha./year to16.4 kg./ha./year and values of 14-29 % and 11-36% of minor discharge of the Sulfur (S) and Phosphorus (P) to the environment respectively than confirm the sustainability of the seasonal milk production systems in Cuban dairy farms conditions.
Problemas de rentabilidad económica y eficiencia técnica en sistemas ganaderos de Ecuador
(2019) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Velasco Heras, Cristina Isabel; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Garzon Jarrin, Rafael Alfonso; Atzori, Alberto Stanislao; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; García Zumalacarregui, Jorge Alejandro
This systematic review of the literature integrates the findings of existing studies on profitability and technical efficiency (TS) in dairy farms, a classification of the previous literature that provides the basis for the synthesis. We systematically reviewed 63research studies with surveys with rigorous procedures. The revision is applied to the investigation of the published survey. The socio-economic environmental context is linked, the inputs to the system and the products with the variables that measure efficiency. There was no agreement between the authors on the context and the determinants of ET and EEs. The main determinants were the geographical location, the size of the farm, investments in veterinary care, feeding and milking practices and techniques for estimating the ET, public policies and variables related to management. The implications for milk producers and researchers close the review. A relevant characteristic that emerges from the literature is the lack of consensus regarding the measurement techniques and determinants of ET, which remains an open debate. The fact that the data was collected over a period of almost 30 years in all continents, reinforces the probability of heterogeneity between the samples and this could be a strong argument in favor of changes in the efficiency and to generate an exploratory discussion based on evidences of the studies and not fail to take into account the factors discussed here
Producción de leche como respuesta a la fertilización y riego en ganaderías de ecosistemas andinos en Ecuador.
(2018) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Aguilar Valladares, Yolanda Mercedes; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Once Yanza, Mariela Alexandra; López Alvarado, Diego Andrés; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; Curbelo Rodríguez, Lino Miguel
In order to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and irrigation applications on milk production in Andean farms in Ecuador, a study was carried out on 535 farms with an altitude of 2550 m and temperatures between 7 and 25 ° C in montane ecosystems (Montano, Montano Alto and Montano Low). Factors such as fertilization and irrigation and the production of milk with a botanical composition of Ryegrass - Kikuyo as grasses and Clover White and Red as legumes were considered. The milk production was taken from the records corresponding to the day after the occupation of the paddock. A simple ADEVA was applied within each ecosystem. The dry matter availability of the grass was between 1.65 t / ha in Montano Bajo and 2.81 t / ha in Montano Alto. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in milk yields in Montano and Montano Alto with fertilized pastures (6.5 and 9.7 kg / cow) compared to lower values in non - fertilized. In relation to irrigation effects, significant differences (P <0.05) were in favor of sprinkler irrigation in Montano and Montano Alto with 8.7 and 10.8 kg / cow and higher values in production / ha. It was concluded that the responses in milk yield to fertilizer and sprinkler irrigation were significant (P <0.05) in the Montano and Montano Alto ecosystems compared to Low Montano, with values between 6,5 and 8,7 and 9,7 and 10 , 8 kg / cow / day and higher yields per area, explained by the greater availability of dry matter of the pasture in both ecosystems as an effect of applied agro technical activities
Relación del número de partos, edad y la morfoestructura del genotipo Holstein en la Provincia del Azuay
(2017) Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Pesántez Carmona, José Luis; Pesántez Campoverde, Manuel Teodoro; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Ayala Rodríguez, Lorena Estefania; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto; Vanegas Cabrera, Raúl Alejandro; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago
Technical efficiency of dairy farms in sierra andina using neural network modeling
(2019) Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; López Crespo, Gonzalo Estuardo; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Guzmán Espinoza, Clelia Kathrine; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Aguirre De juana, Angel Javier
The aim of this paper was to estimate the efficiency of milk production of 1 168 cases in Ecuadoran Sierra Sur Andina, with the implementation of a neural network model with multilayer perceptrons. These cases were collected from secondary samples provided by the Official Institute of National Statistics of Ecuador, in 2016. The variables chosen for the model were total milk production on the previous day (P), as dependent variable, and total cattle heads (CH), total laborers in the field (E), and total area attended by laborer (S), as independent variables. The data from individual cases and their impact on the dependent variable were used as the variable selection criteria. The average efficiency was 8.11%, from which the total efficient cases detected (>0.70) were 11 (0.9% of the sample). Later, the cases studied were classified into three groups, depending on the estimated efficiency: Group 1 (≤ 0.4 efficiency); Group 2 (>0.4-≤0.7 efficiency); and Group 3 (>0.7 efficiency). A comparison produced several statistical differences (P<0.01) for variables total milk production/year on the farm, total field laborers, farm size, total cows, total cattle heads, calvings, pregnant cows, and served cows.