Browsing by Author "Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier"

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Características del primer hemograma, al momento del diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda, en los niños del Instituto del Cáncer SOLCA-Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2016-12) Guerrero Quiroz, Enmanuel Isidoro; Peñafiel Martinez, Eulalia Cumandá; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier
BACKGROUND: The acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow as a result of abnormal clonal proliferation of a cell group, and contrary to what is popularly believed, it not always debuts with leukocytosis (white blood cells> 10,000). METHODS: it is a descriptive study in which they were evaluated the blood counts from a total of 110 patients with ALL, from 1 to 18 years, treated at the Society for Fight against Cancer (SOLCA) Cuenca, between January 2009 and April 2014. Their demographic characteristics (age, sex, origin) and its number of white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), risk group, presence of Philadelphia chromosome and immunophenotype (T or B) were analyzed. RESULTS: The 53% of the patients were children. The average age was 7.9 years. Most served children belonged to the Azuay province. The 50% of patients had leukocytosis at the moment of diagnosis, the 42% Hb less than 8g / dL and 80% lower than 150 000 platelets / L. All children (100%) had a LDH above the normal value (234 U / L). The range was between 600 and 556000 GB/ L with an average of 48 000 GB / L. The 95% presented an immunophenotype B and 5% of patients were positive for Philadelphia chromosome. CONCLUSIONS: After the analysis it was concluded that half of the patients had leukocytosis. Most presented thrombocytopenia and anemia. This information should be considered when reviewing a child’s blood count, because as has been shown and unlike what was thought, leukocytosis is not always present in leukemia. Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, hyperleukocytosis, blood count
Cardiopatías congénitas y factores asociados en menores de 5 años hospitalizados en el departamento de pediatría del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Marzo 2016 a Febrero 2017
(2018) Bermeo Guartambel, Ximena Margoth; Mosquera Vallejo, Lorena Elizabeth; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier
Background: Congenital heart disease is the main cause of mortality in patients with congenital malformations, it represents the third cause of death in our country. Objective: To determine the factors associated with congenital heart disease in patients under 5 years of age hospitalized in pediatrics of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. March 2016 to February 2017. Methodology: A study of paired cases and controls was carried out, with a relation 1:2, obtaining 83 cases and 166 controls. Association was determined by the chi-squared test according to Mantel and Haenszel, and it was quantified by OR with a 95% confidence interval, and with a level of significance with the value of p <0.05. For the preponderance of the factors, binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results: Cases and controls were homogeneous in sex, residence and age. The Chi square of Mantel and Haenszel determined statistically significant relationship between congenital heart diseases with chromossomopathies OR 11, 98 IC 3.36-42.74 p 0.000; exposure to toxic (alcohol) OR 2.85 IC 1.23-6.61 p 0.010; Family history of heart disease OR 8.30 IC 2.14-30.65 p 0.000. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis the association for chromossomopathies was maintained (OR 17.65 IC 4.87-63.88 p 0.000); toxic exposure (alcohol) OR 4.21 IC 1.77-10.05 p 0.001 and family history of heart disease OR 12.10 CI 3.21-45-59 p 0.000. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant relationship between congenital heart diseases and chromossomopathies, toxic exposure (alcohol) and family history of heart disease
Conocimiento y cumplimiento de normas de bioseguridad y accidentes biológicos en los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca 2007
(2008) Pacheco Baculima, Pedro Xavier; Sanango Reinoso, Wilmer Stalin; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio; Cordero Gulá, Luis Pablo
Eficacia de racecadotrilo en el tratamiento de la enfermedad diarreica aguda, en niños de 3 a 36 meses, en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Ensayo clínico controlado ciego. 2014.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Morales García, Johnny Xavier; Escalante Canto, Paul; Ojeda Orellana, Marco Ribelino; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier
Objective: To determine the efficacy of the combined treatment of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and racecadotril against the use of ORS and placebo in children aged between 3 and 36 months with acute diarrhea disease (ADD), in the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (VCMH) emergency service. Method: It is a blind controlled clinical trial in children from 3 to 36 months of the VCMH emergency service, with acute diarrheic disease, without dehydration or mild or moderate dehydration; they do not need hospitalization, without previous antidiarrheal treatment or antibiotic, if their parents or legal representatives sign the informed consent. A total of 79 patients were recruited, 45 in the ORS plus racecadotril group and 34 ORS plus placebo group. Results: The groups were clinically comparable, the patients in the ORS plus racecadotril group showed a significant difference in the number of diarrheas per day from 48 hours [2.7 (DS: ± 1.5), the ORS plus placebo group 4.1 (DS: ± 2.6)] with a p: 0.012; at 72 hours, the racecadotril group [2.2 (DS: ± 1.7), and placebo group [3.3 (DS: ± 2.5)] with p: 0.027. No significant difference was found in the first 24 hours (p: 0.27). Conclusions: Racecadotril is an effective medication to reduce the number of diarrhea after 48 hours, in the initial treatment of children with ADD accompanying ORS therapy in a group of patients treated at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital.
Prevalencia de desnutrición y factores asociados en niños de 1 a 60 meses Hospitalizados en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2017
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-11) Ortiz Benavides, Ana Lorena; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier; Marcano Sanz, Luis Enrique
Background: Malnutrition is a frequent condition in developing countries, with a multifactorial cause that leads to health complications. General objective: To determine prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors in children from 1 to 60 months hospitalized in the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2017. Materials and methods: analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study analyzing 203 patients who attended the pediatric service in ages between 1 and 60 months from the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, in the period from January to June 2017. The qualitative variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies, evaluating association by means of the chi-square test and prevalence ratio, considering p significant less than 0.05, being analyzed by means of the statistical program SPSS in its version 21. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was 33.5%, the associated factors were: that the mother was in some extreme age RP = 3.14 (IC95% = 1.83-6.34) p <0.001, rural origin RP = 1.86 (CI95% = 1.00-3.47) p = 0.049, low socioeconomic status RP = 3.80 (IC95% = 1.95-7.04) p <0.001, artificial feeding before 6 months of age RP = 3.15 (95% CI = 1.66-5.97) p <0.001, having low birth weight RP = 10.1; 95% CI = 4.93-20.80; p <0.001 had a chronic disease RP = 4.88 (95% CI = 2.61-9.15) p <0.001, and exclusive breastfeeding RP = 0.19 was found as protective factors (95% CI = 0.09). -0.38) p <0.001, that the mother will dedicate to housework RP = 0.44 (IC95 = 0.24-0.81) p = 0.009 and have complete immunizations RP = 0.24 (0.12-0.48) p <0.001. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition in the population studied is high and is associated with demographic factors and maternal and child habits.
Prevalencia de embarazo en adolescentes y factores asociados en el Hospital Luis F. Martínez - Cañar 2017
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-11) Vázquez Bustos, Wilson Patricio; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier
Objective: To determine the prevalence of pregnancy in adolescents and associated factors in the Hospital Luis F Martínez in the province of Cañar in the year 2017. Method and materials: A cross-sectional prevalence study was carried out, with the sample calculation being made based on the pregnancy prevalence percentage (11.6%) obtained from previous results, giving a total of 200 female adolescents. Data were collected by survey and clinical history data and tabulated in the database in the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Among the factors that predispose to pregnancy in adolescence are: late adolescence (92%), mestizo ethnic self-identification (52.5%), low academic level (41%), free union (51.5%), being a housewife (51.5%) %), low and low average socioeconomic status (p value: 0.0065%), living distant from the health center (p value: 0.0041), consumption of psychoactive substances (p value: 0.0053), migration of one of parents (p value: 0.0025), school dropout (p value: 0.0000) and family dysfunction (p value: 0.0000). The prevalence of pregnancy in adolescents is 18 %. Conclusions: The following factors are associated with adolescent pregnancy: low or medium low socioeconomic status (p 0.0065), living distant from the health center (p 0.0041), consumption of psychoactive substances (p 0, 0053), parental migration (p 0.0025), school dropout (p 0.0000) and antecedent of previous pregnancies (p 0.0000), while age under 15 was a protective factor (p 0, 0000). The rest of the variables studied, although they showed associations, these were not statistically significant.
Prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes (15-19 años) en colegios urbanos de la ciudad Cuenca y factores asociados. 2017.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-11) Moreno Morejón, Adriana Elizabeth; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier
Background: most of the research carried out in Ecuador on the subject was carried out in adolescents in night schools, centers or shelters, among others, our study was conducted in urban schools in the city of Cuenca. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the consumption of psychoactive substancies in adolescents (15-19 years) in urban schools in the city of Cuenca and the associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out, the sample was calculated with an expected prevalence of 56%, with 10% of losses, leaving 371. Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years of either sex who regularly visit establishments were included. randomized education, adolescents with coexisting psychiatric illnesses or incomplete data were excluded. A form designed by the author and submitted to validation by means of a pilot plan and the validated FFSIL scale was used to collect the information. Results: 65% of the sample were men and 35% women, the average age was 15.91 years. A consumption prevalence of 68% was found, being the most frequent: alcohol 85%, Marijuana 9.1%, Tobacco 3.6%, Cocaine and "H" with 0.8% respectively. A positive association was found with consumption in some family member (p 0.0018), consumption in the social environment (p 0.0032) and family economic income greater than $ 1500 monthly (p 0.0000). Conclusions: it was demonstrated that family factors have a great weight in the beginning of consumption of psychoactive substances. Social influence, especially friends, leads to a significant increase in consumption, and in addition, there is a higher ratio of consumption to higher economic income
Validación de la escala de predicción de lesiones intracraneales Eplic para trauma cráneo-encefálico en niños de 0 a 5 años del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso enero-diciembre 2014. Estudio de test diagnóstico
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2016-09) Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier; Castro Calle, Fernando Eugenio
OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of a scale prediction of intracranial lesions to brain-cranial trauma in children aged from 0 to 5 years in pediatric emergency in The Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, 2014. METHODOLOGY: A validation study with a diagnostic test was performed, the sample was calculated with the sample restrictions: sensitivity 80%, specificity 80%, alpha: 5% expected prevalence: 10%, and 7% losses being 409. All children aged from 0 to 5 years with cranial trauma with a representative who agreed to participate by informed consent were included, the abandonment of service and inability to perform CAT skull were excluded. The validated scale ICPS was designed by the author and subjected to validation of theoretical construct. In all cases the scale was filled and CAT was performed as “gold standard” for identifying intracranial lesions analyzed blindly. The information was processed in SPSS and was obtained: sensitivity, specificity, PV +, PV, RL + and RL. RESULTS: A total of 41 patients had intracranial lesions (10%), the most frequent lesion was cerebral edema (56%). The most sensitive parameter was: drop height (95.1%), the highest specificity: the presence of> 2 seizures (100%). A total score of 4 or more obtained the best sensitivity combined with better specificity (97.6% and 78.26%). The UCA for that score was 0.908. CONCLUSIONS: The EPLIC scale is valid for predicting intracranial lesions and therefore it can be a useful tool for handling CBT under 5 years
Validación de una escala de predicción de lesiones intracraneales para trauma cráneo-encefálico en niños de 0 a 5 años del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso Enero-Diciembre 2014. Estudio de test diagnóstico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-11-11) Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo Xavier; Castro Calle, Fernando Eugenio; Morocho Malla, Manuel Ismael
Objective: To determine the validity of a clinical prediction rule for intracranial lesions in children between 0 to 5 years with cranial trauma in pediatric emergency, HVCM, 2014. Methodology: A diagnostic test study was performed, the sample was calculated with the sampling constraints: sensitivity 80%, specificity: 80%, alfa: 5% expected prevalence: 10%, 7% added loss being all 409; children aged 0 to 5 years with cranial trauma and a legal representative who agreed to participate through informed consent were included, abandonment of service and inability to perform head CT were excluded. The EPLIC scale was designed by the author and subject to validation of theoretical construct. In all cases the scale was filled and CT was performed as "gold standard" for identifying intracranial lesions, which was analyzed in a blinded fashion. The information was processed in SPSS and obtained: sensitivity, specificity, PV +, PV-, LR + and LR-. Results: 41 patients had intracranial injury (10%), the most frequent lesion was cerebral edema (56%). The most sensitive clinical parameter was: fall from height (95.1%), the highest specificity: presence> 2 seizures (100%). A total score of 4 or more had the best combined sensitivity with better specificity (97.6% and 78.26%). The AUC for this score was 0.908. Conclusions: EPLIC scale is valid for predicting intracranial lesions and therefore may be a useful tool for evaluation and management of children under 5 years with TEC