Browsing by Author "Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel"

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Frecuencia de enfermedad diverticular colónica en pacientes de 30 a 95 años diagnosticados mediante tomografía multifásica abdominal en Medimagen Cuenca, período enero 2020 - diciembre 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-04) Astudillo Cabrera , María José; Beltrán Tola, Mateo Xavier; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Diverticular disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder in the colon, defined as pouches of the mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layer. This pathology has a high incidence worldwide. Multiphase abdominal CT is the imaging method for the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the disease. (1) Objective: To determine the frequency of colonic diverticular disease in patients aged 30 to 95 years diagnosed by multiphase abdominal CT at Medimagen, from January 2020 to December 2023. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. It features data from radiological reports provided by Medimagen center, in Cuenca. Results: 2,781 radiological studies were analyzed; 352 (12.66%) reported colonic diverticular disease, of which 208 (59.09%) were female. The predominant age is 74 to 84 years (28.69%). The number of areas most affected by the disease is 2 (61.93%), of which diverticulosis stands out, reporting 325 cases (92.33%). Conclusion: According to Medimagen center reports, the frequency of colonic diverticular disease is 12.66%, in which diverticulosis is higher than diverticulitis. The latter is particularly found in females. The most frequent location is the descending colon and the sigmoid colon (59.66%), and in terms of age range, its highest frequency is in patients aged 74 to 84 years.
Frecuencia de fibrosis pulmonar diagnosticada por tomografía computarizada de tórax simple en el departamento de Imagenología de Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, junio -diciembre 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-14) Alvarado Campoverde, María del Cisne; López Padilla, Alison Catalina; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a pathology that occurs in the airways and affects the pulmonary alveoli, it produces extensive scarring of the lung tissue and could be the result of an inflammatory response to an idiopathic agent. According to the WHO, this disease is considered to have high mortality rates if it is not diagnosed early. Computed tomography is the main test used in the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis to observe in detail the main predominant radiological signs in this pathology which are necessary for a correct diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of pulmonary fibrosis diagnosed by computed tomography in the Imaging department of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period June-December 2020. METHODS A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out, in which the frequency of pulmonary fibrosis will be investigated in patients who underwent chest CT at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. EXPECTED RESULTS This study aims to determine how many patients were diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, its complications and the main apparent causes.
Hallazgos radiológicos BI-RADS diagnosticados por mamografía en pacientes mayores a 40 años que acudieron al Hospital Monte Sinaí Cuenca, en el periodo enero-diciembre 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-04) Barahona Loja, Cynthia Elizabeth; Casanova Villacís, Déborah Saraí; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: The study of the breast has evolved rapidly since the incorporation of x-rays. The emergence of the mammographic technique is the most important milestone in the history of diagnosis and prevention of breast disease. Mortality from breast cancer at the beginning of the 20th century was quite high. Currently, the early diagnosis of breast cancer has increased the survival rates caused by it. The BI-RADS system created in 1933 has made it possible to standardize the lexicon of the different breast lesions and their classification in the radiological report. Objective: To determine the BI-RADS radiological findings diagnosed by mammography in patients over 40 years of age who attended the Hospital Monte Sinaí Cuenca, in the period January-December 2019. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective - cross-sectional study will be carried out, the universe being the radiological reports and the registration cards of patients over 40 years of age, who performed mammographic studies in the imaging department of the Hospital Monte Sinaí Cuenca, during the period January December 2019; This information will be analyzed and tabulated according to the variables age, weight and BI-RADS findings. Results: Know through the compilation of radiographic reports the radiological findings BI-RADS, diagnosed by mammography at the Hospital Monte Sinaí Cuenca in the period January-December 2019.
Incidencia de esteatosis hepática en pacientes de 30 a 70 años del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, diagnosticada mediante tomografía abdominal en el periodo Enero - Junio 2019
(2019-11-12) Guapisaca Zumba, Joseline Eliana; León Méndez, Viviana Anabel; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background. Due to an increase in hepatic steatosis and its identification through the use of Computed Tomography, we have considered it convenient to carry out this work. Therefore the acquired images will support a correct diagnostic. Objectives. Determine the incidence of hepatic steatosis in patients aged 30 to 70 at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, diagnosed by Abdominal Tomography in the period January - June 2019 Methodology. A Prospective Descriptive study was developed, the sample is represented by the medical records of patients whose ages range between 30 and 70 years who went to the Imaging Department of the Hospital "José Carrasco Arteaga", to perform an Abdominal Tomography study in the January period - June 2019. Based on the data obtained, the information was tabulated and analyzed taking into account the determined variables. Results. The data were analyzed and the following results were obtained: Of the 405 patients that make up the universe, 156 patients (39.00%) presented hepatic steatosis, of which the female sex predominated with 60.00%. 30.13% of patients are in the range of 51 to 60 years of age. According to the place of origin it was determined that 60.90% are from the urban area. Regarding the density pattern analyzed, it was observed that 98.72% corresponds to the hypodense pattern. With respect to sex and weight I have a frequency of 17.95% corresponding to the female sex with a weight of 61-70 kg.
Incidencia de lesiones en arterias coronarias diagnosticada mediante angiotomografía, en pacientes de 30 a 70 años, en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, en el periodo noviembre 2017- abril 2018
(2018-11-11) Alvear Morocho, Erika Andrea; López Ayora, Juan Diego; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Despite the decrease in the mortality rate due to ischemic heart disease in the last four decades in developed countries, it remains the cause of death of one third of all deaths in patients older than 35 years. It is estimated that half of the male population and a third of the female population in middle age in the United States will suffer some symptom of ischemic heart disease. In Europe, cardiovascular disease causes around 4 million deaths per year and 1.9 million in the European Union, mostly due to coronary heart disease (1). In Ecuador, in 2014 there were 4,430 deaths from ischemic heart disease, 2,643 were men and 1,787 were women, where a higher incidence was found in ages over 65 with 3,212 deaths (35). According to the Basic Indicators of Health of Ecuador in 2012, cardiovascular diseases have a mortality rate according to gender of 15.8 in men and 10.6 in women (x 100,000 inhabitants), in addition to being the third cause of death (36). Objective: To determine the incidence of coronary artery lesions diagnosed by Angiotomography, in patients aged 30 to 70 years, at the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, in November 2017 - April 2018. Method and materials. Authorization was requested to carry out a prospective descriptive investigation in the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. The data were obtained in the medical records and tabulated with the SPSS 25 computer program, the results are presented as tables and graphs. Results. Of 60 patients that make up the population 25% of the coronary artery lesion, 73.33% belongs to the male sex. The age range with greater affectation is 60 to 70 years with 66.67%. The coronary artery with the most involvement was the anterior descending artery with 53.33% followed by the right coronary artery with 46.66%. Conclusions. With this research, the incidence of coronary artery lesions diagnosed by coronary angiotomography was determined
Incidencia de lesiones en ligamento cruzado anterior evaluado por resonancia magnética en pacientes del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca. junio-diciembre 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-11) Criollo Arias, Johanna Mercedes; Narváez Bernal, Diana Carolina; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: The knee joint is considered to be of great magnitude and the most complex in the body, made up of capsules, bursae, ligaments and meniscus. The cruciate ligaments are responsible for regulating the movement of the knee, being the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) the most frequent injury in 40% of cases. Magnetic resonance is a safe and reliable method for the diagnosis of ACL injuries, it demonstrates an effectiveness of 94.6%. Objective: To determine the incidence of ACL injury, by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, in recurrent patients of the imaging department of the “Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga” in the city of Cuenca, period June - December 2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive, retrospective, the information was collected from the database of the affected patients who went to the imaging department of the "Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga" to undergo MRI examinations of the knee, during June to December 2019. Results: 27.8% of the patients investigated were between 31 and 40 years old, 26.1% in the group between 41 and 50 years old, 20.9% were in the age group over 60 years old, 13.9% between 51 and 60 years old and 11.3% between 20 and 30 years old. Of these 51.30% belonged to the male gender and 48.70% to the female gender. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance is a useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of knee joint injuries.
Incidencia de pancreatitis por ecografía, tomografía, en pacientes del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, octubre 2017 - marzo 2018
(2018-11-11) Bermeo Zuña, Angélica Priscila; Lliguichuzhca Tapia, Darío Xavier; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background. Due to an increase in pancreatitis and its identification through the use of means of diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound and computed tomography. It has been considered appropriate to research this work in our field of work. By observing the usefulness of ultrasound and the benefits offered by the CT scan in the diagnosis of pancreatitis for its proper diagnosis, which will serve as a complement in diagnostic methods for the detection of pancreatitis. Objectives. Determine the incidence of pancreatitis by ultrasound and computed tomography in patients seen in the Imaging Department of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in Cuenca, in the period between October 2017 - March 2018. Methodology. A Prospective Descriptive study was carried out, whose sample is represented by the clinical records of patients who went to the Imaging Service of the Hospital "José Carrasco Arteaga", to perform an ultrasound and / or Abdominal Tomography study, during October 2017 - March 2018; According to the size of the sample, the information was collected in forms and processed using the SPSS V15.0 and Microsoft Excel V2016 programs using absolute frequency and percentage, represented in tables and graphics Results: There is a predominance for the diagnosis of pancreatitis by abdominal tomography with a percentage of 62.28%, on abdominal ultrasound with 37.72%. It occurs most frequently in older adults between the ages of 66 and 75, which represents 43.86%. In addition, it was determined that it occurs more frequently in female patients with 54.4%. According to the hospital admission during the study period, a higher percentage was found in patients who attended by external consultation, representing 57% of the study sample
Incidencia de patologías de tórax y abdomen mediante la biopsia guiada por tomografía en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, noviembre 2017- abril 2018.
(2018-11-11) Auquilla Orellana, Mayra Alexandra; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
BACKGROUND The biopsy guided by computed tomography is a technique widely validated in the study of thoracic and abdominal injuries. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of thoracic and abdominal pathologies by tomography-guided biopsy at the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga in the period November 2017-April 2018. METHODOLOGY A descriptive and prospective investigation was carried out. The universe consisted of 85 patients who underwent biopsy guided by chest and abdominal tomography. The medical records were reviewed; the information was collected in forms and processed using the SPSS V15.0 and Microsoft Excel V2016 programs by absolute frequency and percentage, represented in tables. RESULTS 69.4% of patients are ≥65 years old and 50.6% are male. 88.2% underwent abdominal biopsy, of which 47.1% were liver. All biopsies of the thoracic region were lung (11.8%). In 91.8% of the cases, pathological findings were reported: hepatic hemangioma (17.9%), renal lymphoma (15.4%), liver metastasis (14.1%), renal metastasis (11.5%), etc. In the lung the predominant diagnosis was adenocarcinoma (6.4%), in the liver the hemangioma (17.9%), in the kidneys the lymphoma (15.4%), in the pancreas the exocrine tumor, neuroendocrine and metastasis (1.3%) and in the retroperitoneum the sarcoma (5.1%). CONCLUSIONS The patients who perform the procedure the most are the elderly and men. The pathologies with greater incidence are the hepatic and renal in the abdomen and the pulmonary in the thorax
Incidencia de traumatismo craneoencefálico diagnosticado por tomografía computarizada en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga en el periodo enero 2020 - junio 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-07-08) Galán Arias, Mayra Estefanía; Rodas Cantos, Mateo Josué; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Head trauma is a physical injury produced on brain tissue as a result of an accident or direct impact on this region. Computed tomography is the main imaging technique for its evaluation due to the great anatomical and pathological contribution it provides from the different structures that make up the skull. According to the World Health Organization in 2009, in Ecuador the death rate from head trauma is 16.9 people per 100,000 inhabitants, most of which are attributed to severe head injuries. Objective: To determine the incidence of Head Trauma diagnosed by Computed Tomography in patients who attend the imaging service at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period January to June 2020.Methodology: A descriptive and prospective study was carried out in which the universe was the patients who come to the imaging department at HJCA, to perform a computed tomography of the skull in the period January to June 2020. This information was tabulated and analyzed in the ¨SPSS¨ 25 system. Results: From a sample of 371 patients, there was a greater number of patients with mild TBI (56.6%). The most frequent were male (52.6%), between the age range of 16 to 30 years, in the urban area, (66.8%). The contusion was the one that was seen more frequently (32.9%) in tomography. Key words: traumatic brain injury (TBI), computed tomography (CT), mild, moderate and severe TBI.
Prevalencia de displasia de cadera diagnosticada por radiografía anteroposterior de pelvis en niños de 3 a 18 meses de edad, en la Clínica La Paz, Cuenca – Ecuador. Periodo enero 2020 – enero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-15) Castro Molina, Carlos Miguel; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a pathology in the hip joint which affects the femoral head-acetabulum-soft tissue relationship. It can cause alterations such as dislocation, subluxation, or dysplasia (1). According to statistics reported in Cuenca, from May to October 2019, out of 457 patients who underwent anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis with suspicion of hip dysplasia, 27.13% tested positive (2). Objective: To determine the prevalence of hip dysplasia diagnosed by anteroposterior radiography of the pelvis in children from 3 to 18 months of age, at La Paz clinic, in Cuenca, Ecuador, from January 2020 to January 2023. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. The sample was the radiological reports of patients aged 3-18 months old who underwent anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis and were diagnosed with DDH at the imaging department of La Paz clinic. Data tabulated and analyzed according to the study variables. Results: This study determined that the prevalence of DDH is 30.7%. The most common age was 3-7 months (90.6%); 77.3% of them were females. The pathology was bilateral in 73.4% of the patients. Shenton´s arc was continuous in the right hip (93.7%) and the left hip (86.7%). The ossification center was inner-lower in the right hip (59.4%) and left hip (57.8%). Conclusions: It is concluded that this that this pathology mainly affects females aged 3-7 months old, bilaterally.
Prevalencia de hallazgos radiológicos Bi-Rads en cáncer de mama diagnosticados por tomosíntesis en pacientes mayores a 40 años que acuden al Instituto del Cáncer Solca-Cuenca, período enero 2018 – enero 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-07) Andrade Borja, Ana Belén; Becerra Sanmartín, Valeria Estefanía; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Breast cancer is a disease that leaves physical, clinical and psychological sequels to most of the people they have it. During 2016 in Ecuador, about 638 deaths were registered, corresponding to 2.08% of all female deaths that year. It is considered that a tomosynthes is study that will give irrelevant data about the diagnosis of this pathology. Objective: To determine the prevalence of BI-RADS radiological found in breast cancer diagnosed by tomosynthesis in patients older than 40 years who go to the Solca-Cuenca Cancer Institute, period January 2018 - January 2019. Methodology: A descriptive-retrospective study will be carried out, consisting of a universe that will include all the patients who attended the Imaging department of the Solca-Cuenca Cancer Institute to carry out a Tomosynthesis study whose results were positive for BI-RADS findings carcinogenic. The data will be obtained from the institution's own software softcase 2.0 and tabulated using the SPSS Statictics 22 program, they will be analyzed using different variables such as: age, pregnancies, radiological findings according to the BI-RADS system. Expected results: Provide relevant information on the prevalence of patients confirmed with carcinogenic BI-RADS, diagnosed by tomosynthesis within the Solca-Cuenca Cancer Institute, in the period January 2018 - January 2019
Prevalencia de hallazgos radiológicos en neumonía atípica causada por SARS-CoV-2, diagnosticada por tomografía computarizada simple de tórax, Hospital del Monte Sinaí, mayo-noviembre 2020, Cuenca-Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 02-02-2023) Carpio Centeno, Karla Marianela; Loja Rojas, Jéssica Paola; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: the respiratory system assessment has evolved substantially since the advent of X-rays. Tomography has been one of the primary tools for the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia, since it helps to better visualize the thoracic anatomy by providing excellent sharpness, resolution space, it is also an essential resource for delimiting the lung involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2. Objective: to determine the prevalence of radiological findings in atypical pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, diagnosed by simple chest computed tomography in patients attended at the imaging center of the “Hospital Monte Sinaí” in May- November 2020. Methodology: a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. The universe was the radiological reports and patient record card of simple chest tomography studies performed in the imaging center of the “Hospital Monte Sinaí” in May- November 2020 period. Results: according to the data analysis, 413 patients (33.74%) presented SARS-CoV 2. The prevalent sex is male (55%), and the age group with the highest prevalence is in the age of 50-59 years range (25%), the prevailing radiological finding was ground glass (51.88%) and the zonal distribution of the lung parenchyma with the highest prevalence was mixed (55.69%). Conclusion: The percentages obtained from the study are very similar to others in terms of age prevalence, sex, and radiological SARS-Cov-2 findings.
Prevalencia de hallazgos radiológicos en radiografía portátil de tórax en pacientes de neonatología con distrés respiratorio de la Fundación Pablo Jaramillo, Cuenca noviembre 2022 - diciembre 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-10) Reyes Berrezueta, Michael Patricio; Gutiérrez Ramírez, Madelen Tamara; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) encompasses a series of pathological entities that frequently features respiratory symptoms. The main reason for this pathology is the lack of full lung maturity of newborns, which is associated with a deficit in surfactant production, a substance that is present in the alveoli produced by type Il pneumocytes. (1) According to a study conducted at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018, a prevalence of 63% was reported. (9) Objective: To determine the prevalence of radiological findings in portable chest X-rays in neonates with respiratory distress at Pablo Jaramillo Foundation, Cuenca, from November 2022 to December 2023. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive study. It comprises the radiological reports of neonates who underwent portable chest X-rays in the neonatology area. Results: The study showed that RDS has a prevalence of 80.4%; it occurred in early gestational age (39%). Males reported 55.3% of incidence; in addition, it occurred in normal weight patients (67.5%). The type of delivery was cesarean section (85.4%), and the radiological finding with the highest prevalence was the fine reticulogranular pattern (46.3%), which was present in both lung fields (91.1%). Conclusions: The most prevalent radiological finding was the fine reticulogranular pattern, and delivery by cesarean section is a condition for presenting RDS.
Prevalencia de lesiones del manguito de los rotadores diagnosticado por resonancia magnética en el Departamento de Imagenología del Hospital Monte Sinaí, en el periodo enero 2021 – junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-27) Chica Navarrete, Cristian Paúl; Gutierrez Luzuriaga, Gissella Elizabeth; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Rotator cuff (RC) injuries result from the tearing of one or more tendons. It is a structure comprising four muscles and tendons attached to the shoulder joint. They often become irritated, torn, or worn out. Injuries are the most common cause of pain and functional limitation of the shoulder. Objective: To determine the prevalence of RC injuries diagnosed by magnetic resonance at the imaging department of the Monte Sinaí Hospital in the city of Cuenca, from January 2021 to June 2023. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, and crosssectional study. Universe made up of all patients from 21 to 80 years of age who underwent a shoulder MRI. The sample comprised all patients diagnosed with RC lesions, observing inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 520 patients studied, 504 (96,92%) reported RC injuries. Based on this analysis, a higher prevalence was found in patients aged 61-70 years (25,40%), while, based on sex, there was a higher prevalence in males, featuring 275 cases (54,56%). Likewise, the type of injury with the highest prevalence was that of category “More than one injury” with 433 (85,91%). Conclusion: The results obtained show similarity in regard to some studies, while others differ from published results of previous research. MRI is the most effective study to diagnose RC injuries (99% sensitivity and specificity).
Prevalencia de patología obstructiva urinaria en pacientes de 20 a 80 años mediante tomografía computarizada en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca. Enero 2019 - septiembre 2021.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-06) Asmal Morocho, Isaac Antonio; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: Urinary tract diseases are among the 10 leading causes of death worldwide, and obstruction are the most common pathology of the urinary tract; early diagnosis prevents complications and computed tomography is one of the imaging tests used for this purpose. Objective: To determine the prevalence of obstructive uropathy using computed tomography at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the city of Cuenca from January 2019 to September 2021. Methodology: This study was descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional; database provided by José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital was analyzed by applying variables through data collection forms and digital processing using the IBM SPSS Statistics v26 software. Results: 2071 urotomography reports were examined, evidencing urinary tract obstruction in 647 patients (31.2%); men accounted for 377 cases (58.3%). The most prevalent age range was 50-64 years in 239 patients (36.9%). Lithiasis was the cause of obstruction in 355 cases (54.9%). The location of the obstruction was the kidney in 322 cases (49.8%), with the right lateral wall of the urinary tract being the most prevalent with 248 cases (38.3%). Conclusions: Obstructive uropathy is much more common in males, lithiasis is the most common cause of obstruction, and the kidney is the most affected organ as well as the right lateral wall of the urinary tract.
Propuesta de modelo de gestión por procesos para el servicio de imagenología del Centro de Especialidades Médicas, Cuenca-Ecuador 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-06) Chimbo Valladares, Jessica Belén; Rodríguez Maldonado, Karen Dayanna; Salazar Alvarado, Xavier Miguel
Background: The Medical Specialties Center is a project of the University of Cuenca, which has international financial support from the Bridgin Foundation of Belgium and provides outpatient care service to the community. It opened on January 4, 2021, with different medical specialties for diagnosis and treatment. Currently, the imaging service will be run for the first time; for this reason, there is need for a sound and strategic management plan to make the center self-sufficient and provide services using cutting-edge technology to deliver test results and high-quality imaging scans promptly by highly-trained personnel, committed to health and well-being. Objective: To formulate a proposal for a process management model to be used for the imaging service of the Medical Specialties Center in Cuenca, Ecuador, in 2023. Methodology: Descriptive research in the imaging department of the Medical Specialties Center, through bibliographic comparative management analysis. Conclusion: Process management will significantly influence the quality, safety, reliability, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the Medical Specialties Center, making it the healthcare center of choice at cantonal and national level. Recommendations: It is highly recommended that the Medical Specialties Center implement the management plan presented in this project, taking advantage of the study carried out and the outcomes that might be achieved, so that it is not considered a purely theoretical project.