Browsing by Author "Saavedra Bernal, Erick Mateo"

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    Evaluación del uso de bioindicadores, Daphnia magna, en la determinación de la toxicidad de efluentes provenientes de una industria serigráfica textil, ubicada en la ciudad de Cuenca
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-25) Ortiz Galarza, Pablo Mateo; Saavedra Bernal, Erick Mateo; Echeverría Paredes, Paulina Alejandra
    During the last decades, the textile industry is growing and represents an important economic sector worldwide, this is due to the high demand for its products. In it, a large number and variety of dyes and supplies are used that are severely harmful to humans and the environment. With this background, this study is important because the effluents of the production processes of the screen printing industry have not been analyzed in depth. In this investigation, the effluent from the textile painting and dyeing process of a company in the city of Cuenca was characterized, it was selected as the process of greatest environmental relevance, according to the volume of effluent discharge and the nature of the materials. premiums used, through the qualitative and quantitative assessment of each unit operation. The dyeing threads, according to the printing surface, are classified into synthetic leather, synthetic fibers and textiles, and were evaluated in the Environmental Impact Matrix. The synthetic leather dyeing subject of study was selected, as it was considered most relevant; This effluent was analyzed for its physicochemical properties such as pH, Temperature, Total Nitrogen, Sulfates, Total Phosphorus, Hexavalent Chromium, Copper, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Fats and oils, in triplicate, the results were compared with the regulations established in Annex I of the TULSMA, where it was determined that they comply with permissible limits. Finally, the ecotoxicity produced by these discharges was evaluated by means of a test with the bioindicator Daphnia magna through chronic and acute tests lasting 21 days and 48 hours, respectively; For this, sample solutions were used, a negative control with distilled water and a positive control with the toxic reference potassium dichromate. After the counts, it was observed that, at higher concentrations of the effluent, there were alterations in the survival and reproduction of the species. Through statistical analysis in the IBM - SPSS STATISTICS 25 program, a mean lethal concentration CL50 of 68.12 % v/v was obtained; and the lowest concentration at which effects are observed was established at the value of 12.5 % v/v; and 6.25 % v/v as the concentration at which no observable effects are present