Browsing by Author "Rodríguez Balarezo, Andrés Sebastián"

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Características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, del 2014 al 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-07-06) Lema Guaraca, Christian Alexander; Illares Guncay, Luis Xavier; Rodríguez Balarezo, Andrés Sebastián
Background: breast cancer is considered as a heterogeneous disease that needs an accurate and timely diagnosis. Incidence and mortality rates are increasing, making the design and implementation of screening programs and the control of risk factors essential throughout the world.General objective:to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with breast cancerat the Hospital “José Carrasco Arteaga” from 2014 to 2018.Methodology:this is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The universe was 308 clinical histories of patients treated for breast carcinoma in the Oncology Area of the Hospital “José Carrasco Arteaga”, the sample corresponds to the universe. Data was collected and tabulated in Excel version 2013 and analyzed in SPSS version 21. The results are presented in simple and double-entry tables.Results:the study population consisted of 308 patients in anage range of 25-93 years, the average age of diagnosis was 55.79 ± 12,619; a total of 42.2% of the population was overweight; the most common histological diagnosis was infiltrating ductal carcinoma with 82.1%; the most common was the luminal molecular subtype B with 49.4%; clinical stage IIA was the most frequent at the time of diagnosis with 36%; the mastectomy was the most widely used surgical approach with 53.2% of cases.Conclusions:the breast cancer occurs more frequently in the fifth decade of lifein early stages and with histology of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The overweight patients are the main group of affected population and as a molecular profile, the luminal subtype B is the most frequently diagnosed.Keywords:Breast cancer, Triple negative carcinoma, Body mass index, Clinical stage.
Características demográficas y clínicas de pacientes con cáncer gástrico atendidos en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga periodo de 2015-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-20) Torres Piedra, Mario Rodrigo; Viscaino Cuzco, Bayron Mario; Rodríguez Balarezo, Andrés Sebastián
Background: Gastric cancer is a pathology with a high incidence worldwide, in 2020 it reached 5.6% of all new cancer cases in the world in both sexes. General objective: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with gastric cancer treated at “José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital” in the period from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. 187 medical records of patients with a diagnosis of gastric cancer were reviewed at “Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga” in the period from 2015 to 2019. This information was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS v.23 software. The obtained results were exposed using frequency and percentage tables with their respective analysis. Results: The majority of patients correspond to male sex with 62%, the most frequent age range belongs to older adults, and the mean age was 65.4 years. A total of 73.8% of patients reside in urban areas and 49.2 % have completed primary education. The most frequent histological type is the intestinal one, represented with 56.7% and the most important risk factor is atrophic gastritis, being the gastric body the predominant anatomical location. Conclusions: gastric cancer is a predominant disease in older male patients, which is related to what was found in the bibliographic review. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out gastric cancer prevention and control campaigns, aimed mainly at patients who have achieved basic education, who represent the largest number of cases.
Efectos secundarios al tratamiento de quimioterapia en pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga del 2015 al 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-05-09) Macas Valarezo, Victoria Guadalupe; Herrera Moreno, Martha Giovanna; Rodríguez Balarezo, Andrés Sebastián
Breast cancer is a pathology that, due to mutations, causes a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells that cover the mammary gland. Its incidence continues to increase and it is considered the most frequent malignant neoplasm in women. Among the treatment options, chemotherapy constitutes a fundamental pillar, however, it produces side effects on the patient's health, among them neutropenia, although it has been a topic of great interest, there has been no evidence of updated research work in relation to these side effects in our city. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted, data was obtained from medical records at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, corresponding to the period 2015-2019 of patients with a diagnosis of breast carcinoma who met the inclusion criteria. We analyzed the entire universe made up of 351 patients who received chemotherapy, the data collected were obtained through the hospital's medical record registration system and were tabulated in Excel version 2019 and analyzed in SPSS version 21 according to descriptive statistics. The mean age at the time of diagnosis of breast carcinoma was 54.4 years; (62.40%) of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and (32.80%) neoadjuvant chemotherapy; the most commonly used drugs were anthracyclines (45.30%); Among the adverse effects of treatment, fatigue (75.80%), nausea (71.80%), vomiting (68.90%), neutropenia (51.30%) and alopecia (49.30%) predominated. The mortality rate was 7.69% without being able to directly relate it to the drug administered.
Factores de riesgo de recaída en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata de alto riesgo que fueron atendidos en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, del 2014 al 2017
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-10-28) Lliguisupa Quinde, Lilian Susana; Neira Rodas, Maricela Fernanda; Rodríguez Balarezo, Andrés Sebastián
Background: Prostate cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in the male population over 40 years old and it represents the second cause of mortality worldwide. Objective: To determine the risk relapse factors in patients diagnosed with a high risk of prostate cancer attended at the Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga in Cuenca city, from 2014 to 2017. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical type of research was carried out covering a universe and sample considering all patients diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer. Data were collected through a form. Results: A total of 184 patients were registered, the mean age was 72 years; more than half of the study population came from Azuay province (57.6%), most of them were considered mestizo (98.4%), and at diagnosis approximately half of the patients were overweight (45.1%). Of the patients under the study, 31.9% presented relapse of their oncologic disease with a minimum follow-up period of 5 years. Of all the possible risk factors studied, there was a statistically significant association with the age (over 60 years old), tobacco use, and patients who underwent prostatectomy as radical treatment. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of the study population presented relapse. Age, tobacco use, and prostatectomy as radical treatment were the variables associated with the risk of relapse.
Variabilidad de los valores del antígeno prostático específico pre y post-tratamiento en pacientes con adenocarcinoma de próstata en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca-Ecuador, periodo 2014-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-05-23) Ortiz Morales, Daniel Santiago; Plaza Quintuña, Mateo José; Rodríguez Balarezo, Andrés Sebastián
Background: Prostate cancer is the most frequent oncological pathology in men in Ecuador with an incidence of 3249 cases approximately until 2020 according to GLOBOCAN, Cuenca is the second city with the highest incidence. Objectives: to compare the variability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values and their use as a follow-up method in patients diagnosed with low-risk prostate adenocarcinoma treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy at “Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga” during the period 2014 - 2019. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, the information will be researched from medical records where the main data will be the initial PSA value and the following periodic controls; subsequently it will be recorded in a form that will serve as the basis for establishing the comparison. Results: During the established period, 43.75% of the patients were treated with radical prostatectomy, with an initial mean PSA of 7.49 ng/dl and an average of 5 controls with a nadir of 0.032 ng/dl, while the percentage of patients treated with radiotherapy was of 56.25% with a mean initial PSA of 7.34 ng/dl and an average of 7 controls with a mean nadir of 0.43 ng/dl Conclusions: The variability of the PSA in the 2 types of treatment was not significant, although the prostatectomized patients reached undetectable values, the patients with radiotherapy reached therapeutic goals within expectations, the behavior of the PSA varies more in post-radiotherapy patients, but without reaching criteria of recurrence.