Browsing by Author "Poza Lujan, Jose Luis"

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Distributed architecture proposal for efficient energy management of road lighting in urban environments
(Springer Science and Business, 2021) Sáenz Peñafiel, Juan José; Poza Lujan, Jose Luis; Posadas Yagüe, Juan Luis; Poza Lujan, Jose Luis
The energy management in urban and interurban lighting is currently, mainly, based on a centralised or clustered model. The control is mainly based on the level of brightness needed to circulate, without taking into account the presence or not of pedestrians or vehicles. This thesis proposes to review the solutions implemented and to use the Industry 4.0 paradigm as a basis for the design of a highly distributed architecture that efficiently controls the lighting of the roads of urban environments, and is extensible to interurban environments. As results it is expected to be able to verify the hypothesis of, how the distribution of the intelligence at the level of control node, together with the communication between nearby control nodes, allows to optimise the consumption in front of the current solutions.
Distributing and processing data from the edge. A case study with ultrasound sensor modules
(Springer, Cham, 2021) Poza Lujan, Jose Luis; Uribe Chavert, Pedro; Sáenz Peñafiel, Juan José; Posadas Yagüe, Juan Luis; Poza Lujan, Jose Luis
Currently, the proliferation of interconnected smart devices is related to smart urban management. These devices can process sensor data in order to obtain significant information. This information can be provided to the upper layers but also can be used by the devices to take some smart actions. This article shows the change from the classic hierarchical devices and data paradigm to a paradigm based on distributed intelligent devices. The distributed model has been used to create a system architecture with Arduino-based Control Nodes interconnected by means of an I2C-bus. Each module can read the distance to each vehicle, and process this data to provide the vehicle speed and length. A case has experimented where modules share raw data and another case where modules share processed data. Results show that it is possible to reduce processing load up to 22% in the case of sharing processed information instead of raw data.
Processing at the edge: a case study with an ultrasound sensor-based embedded smart device
(2022) Poza Lujan, Jose Luis; Uribe Chavert, Pedro; Sáenz Peñafiel, Juan José; Posadas Yagüe, Juan Luis
In the current context of the Internet of Things, embedded devices can have some intelligence and distribute both data and processed information. This article presents the paradigm shift from a hierarchical pyramid to an inverted pyramid that is the basis for edge, fog, and cloud-based architectures. To support the new paradigm, the article presents a distributed modular architecture. The devices are made up of essential elements, called control nodes, which can communicate to enhance their functionality without sending raw data to the cloud. To validate the architecture, identical control nodes equipped with a distance sensor have been implemented. Each module can read the distance to each vehicle and process these data to provide the vehicle’s speed and length. In addition, the article describes how connecting two or more CNs, forming an intelligent device, can increase the accuracy of the parameters measured. Results show that it is possible to reduce the processing load up to 22% in the case of sharing processed information instead of raw data. In addition, when the control nodes collaborate at the edge level, the relative error obtained when measuring the speed and length of a vehicle is reduced by one percentage point.
Smart cities: a taxonomy for the efficient management of lighting in unpredicted environments
(Springer, Cham, 2019) Sáenz Peñafiel, Juan José; Poza Lujan, Jose Luis; Posadas Yagüe, Juan Luis
In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of outdoor lighting installations, the energy management of this has not been greatly improved and electricity consumption has skyrocketed. Most of it does not come from renewable energies with all the negative effects that this entails. With all this, public lighting can represent up to a total of 54% of the energy consumption of a municipality and up to 61% of its electricity consumption. This work focuses on the analysis of the factors to consider in the implementation and application of a lighting control system in a real environment for energy saving. The system should be based on the collection of data by the different sensors installed in the luminaries of the route oriented to the environment of the Smart Cities and the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The main objective is to try to reduce the consumption of electrical energy as much as possible while maintaining the comfort that the road user feels in it. For this, the weak points of these systems will be searched and their elimination will be sought. A study will be made of the situation of the systems available today. The characteristics of these systems will be analysed. Based on the characteristics of the systems analysed, the necessary requirements of the system presented will be determined. The characteristics that will make this project different from the rest will be established. An architecture proposal that seeks to optimise the parameters analysed will be presented.
Use of receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate a street lighting control system
(2021) Posadas Yagüe, Juan Luis; Cano, Juan Carlos; Sáenz Peñafiel, Juan José; Poza Lujan, Jose Luis; Conejero, José Alberto
Intelligent control of public lighting is nowadays one of the most challenging issues in smart city deployment. Lighting optimization entails a compromise between comfort, safety, and power consumption, affecting both vehicles and pedestrians. Smart solutions must estimate their characteristics to trade-off users’ needs and energy requirements. This paper proposes an intelligent street lighting control system and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve method to evaluate the best number of street lamps to achieve a balance between public road user comfort and system power consumption. The control system is based on the detection of users, mainly pedestrians, using presence sensors. From the detection of a pedestrian by two or more consecutive street lamps it is possible to determine their speed. Knowing the pedestrian speed, allows the system to anticipate and adjust the light intensity of the remaining street lamps, and provide a comfortable view of the street. Using the ROC curve, we evaluate the control algorithm in terms of the number of previous street lamps used. We have tested the system and the method in a model of pedestrians walking down a street. The obtained results show that ROC analysis used to control street lighting allows measuring the whole control system’s efficiency by providing a concrete number of previous street lamps.