Browsing by Author "Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 29

Anatomical characterization of the floor of the mouth: A review of the literatura
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-20) Esparza Quizhpi, Maritza Alexandra; Segovia Sigüenza, Karla Teresita; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
This bibliographic review article based on the search for articles was carried out with the purpose of recognizing the anatomical structures of the floor of the mouth and the elements that constitute it, as well as the findings that could be relevant. The floor of the mouth is an odd region that is found below the tongue within the oral cavity, its study is essential for the dentist since there are certain conditions that can involve this area, such as; obstructions of the submandibular duct, cystic lesions, tumors, etc.; the same ones that can cause severe problems, if not diagnosed in time, in addition, complications such as insufficient dental anesthesia during certain procedures can be due to the presence of accessory nerve communications, therefore, knowing the complex anatomy of this region is essential. Methodology: A search was carried out in the digital databases in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Academic Google, selecting those articles that have been carried out in adult humans and that are oriented to the morphological description of the elements of the floor of the mouth. Results: From a total of 107 articles and after a methodical analysis, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were finally chosen to be analyzed and 2 books on human anatomy. Conclusions: The deep knowledge of the anatomy of the structures that make up the floor of the mouth is of vital importance for all professionals who perform procedures in the oral cavity.
Angina de Ludwig. Presentación de un caso
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2013-11) Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel; Cordero, Pablo
Among the odontogenic infections, Ludwig’s Angina stands as the most important because of its high mortality rate and complications, as well as because of its rapid evolution in cases were an immediate diagnosis, accurate and appropriate treatment is not provided. This study presents a literatura review of this infectious entity and a case study where the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations from the literatura were applied.
Aplicación de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva en procedimientos de extracciones dentales: evaluación de efectividad y ventajas, revisión de la literatura
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-05) León Sánchez, David Alejandro; Fernández Ochoa, Juan Sebastían; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Objective: To explore the development and application of minimally invasive oral surgery (MIS) as a discipline that seeks to reduce trauma and improve efficiency in dental surgical procedures. It begins by presenting the historical context, highlighting the use of computed tomography and planning software for guided surgery. It then defines MIS and highlights its advantages over traditional surgery, such as shorter recovery times and lower morbidity. Materials and Methods: Search and selection of relevant literature, focusing on systematic reviews, case reports and randomized controlled clinical trials. Thirty articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria (MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Sopes and Google Scholar). Results: The various techniques and technologies used in MIS, such as 3D preoperative planning, computer-guided surgery, the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image analysis, stand out. In addition, specific intraoperative techniques such as piezosurgery and vertical extraction by pulley action are mentioned, as well as the importance of preoperative planning, the role of technology in improving surgical procedures, and the benefits of minimally invasive techniques in terms of procedural success and patient recovery.
Canino retenido con riesgo de fractura mandibular: reporte de caso
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-09) Ulloa Gómez, Andrea Carolina; Valdivieso Nagua, Marlon Fernando; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Retained teeth are those that have not erupted in the mouth in the expected time due to the presence of an unquestionable obstacle, regardless of age, degree of root formation and whether the crown is inside or outside the bone, compromising tooth mobility, esthetics and functional outcomes. The mandibular canine shows an unusual tendency for retention- impaction; therefore, this rare dental condition can present significant challenges for both orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons. The objective is to present a case report of the surgical extraction of an impacted-retained left mandibular canine at the level of the basal mandibular border, as well as a review of the literature on this rare condition. Case report: Surgical extraction of a retained left mandibular canine at the level of the basal mandibular border was performed in a 13-year-old male patient, who was fitted with osteosynthesis plates as a preventive material due to the risk of fracture. Conclusion: The presence of a retained- impacted mandibular canine is an infrequent event, clearly observed with current radiographic techniques, the best being CBCT (computed beam tomography). Its early diagnosis is essential for an adequate treatment planning between specialists to determine its treatment, either orthodontic traction or surgical exodontia, ending with the use of osteosynthesis material as a preventive measure, providing adequate support at the mandibular level, thus avoiding fracture.
Caracterización anatómica de la región palatina-revisión de la literatura
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-27) Suárez Pesántez, Gladys Viviana; López Tenesaca, Jason Leonardo; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
to provide an anatomical description of the palatal region, both hard palate and soft palate, describing its irrigation and innervation through a tomographic approach and illustrations of its structures, synthesizing the criteria of several authors after a bibliographic review. Methods: the literature review was performed using information from books of human anatomy, human embryology, oral and maxillofacial surgery and scientific articles from the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). These databases were found in the Regional Documentation Center Juan Bautista Vázquez, (library of the University of Cuenca). Results: a search using keywords and Boolean operators yielded a database with 4,120 articles. Then, 25 articles were analyzed after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, a total of 16 books of human anatomy, human embryology, oral and maxillofacial surgery were analyzed, of which 11 were excluded due to repetitive and incomplete information on the anatomical region under study. Conclusions: the palatal region is a very vascularized and innervated area formed by a hard structure located in the anterior area of the palate and a soft structure in the posterior area, as well as vascular, nervous, muscular, mucous, membranous and glandular elements. By knowing the normal anatomy of this region, it will be possible to efficiently identify pathologies or alterations that may affect it.
Conocimiento de los Odontólogos del área urbana de Cuenca sobre los antibióticos
(2018) Cedillo Villamagua, Michelle Edith; Delgado Olmedo, Daniela Teresa; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel; Villavicencio Caparó, Ebingen
OBJECTIVE. Determine knowledge that dentists have in the urban area of Cuenca about antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018. The sample was representative and randomized, with a scope of 212 dentists. A previously validated survey was applied to register sex, professional experience, degree education, aspects related to family knowledge to which antibiotics belong and antibiotic spectrum, American Heart Association criteria and prescription of antibiotics, were included dentists who were working in the urban area of Cuenca, in full exercise, and achieve the respective criteria. RESULTS. Out of the 212 surveyed dentists a 56.6% obtained regular level, a 22.6% obtained good level and a 20.8% a bad level from the total knowledge. On the antibiotic family and antibiotic spectrum knowledge, 43.1% of dentists obtained a bad level and 56.9% at a good level. When it comes to the knowledge of prophylaxis and criteria of the AHA, 39.5% of dentists obtained a bad level and 60.5% at the good level. About the prescription knowledge, 60.5% of the dentists obtained a bad level and 39.5% at the good level. And according to the antibiotic of choice, 38.4% of dentists obtained a bad level, and 61.6% a good level. Conclusions. The highest percentage reached out of all the dentists surveyed was regular knowledge (56.6%), followed by good knowledge (22.6%) and finally bad knowledge (20.8%)
Determinación del tamaño bidimensional del Seno Maxilar mediante radiografías panorámicas
(2018) Pulla Merchán, Gabriela Alexandra; Zambrano Torres, Miriam Karina; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
The maxillary sinuses are air cavities that are located bilaterally in the middle third of the face; the growth and development of these structures are progressive up to a certain age and are influenced by factors such as: racial characteristics, environmental factors, lifestyles, facial morphology and sex. The present study is described as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation that determined the average values of maxillary sinus height and width through the analysis of panoramic radiographs, 390 radiographs were analyzed, 195 of male and 195 female subjects, establishing that the average height and width dimensions of the male on the right side were 27.28mm and 39.98mm and on the left side were 27.29mm and 39.88mm respectively, while in the female sex found average values of height and width on the right side of 26.89mm and 37.52mm and on the left side of 26.50mm and one of 37.52 respectively, it was also described that the width of the maxillary sinuses in the male sex is higher than in the female sex (p value 0.000), while in the high one no statistically values were found significant differences between the two groups studied
Diagnóstico epidemiológico y prioridades de salud en el Area 2 Miraflores 2003
(2004) Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel; Zea Quezada, Verónica Fernanda; Muñoz Avilés, Cleaveland Oswaldo
Efectividad del láser de baja intensidad y PRF en la evolución postoperatoria de terceros molares
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-18) Carrillo Naranjo, Arianna Daniela; Chimbo Gutierrez, Jhulissa Mercedes; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in reducing postoperative pain, inflammation, trismus, and enhancing healing after lower third molar extraction, based on evidence published since 2010. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO, including studies published between 2010 and 2024. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 relevant articles were selected for detailed analysis. Results: Both LLLT and PRF were found to significantly reduce postoperative pain, edema, and trismus following third molar surgery. LLLT exerts its effects through photobiomodulation, while PRF promotes tissue repair via the sustained release of growth factors. Although the results are promising, methodological heterogeneity among studies limits direct comparisons. Moreover, current evidence regarding the combined use of LLLT and PRF remains insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Conclusions: LLLT and PRF are effective strategies for enhancing postoperative recovery after third molar extraction. Their combined use may offer synergistic benefits; however, further research with standardized protocols is necessary to support their routine clinical application.
Elevación de seno maxilar con técnica de ventana lateral y rehabilitación implantoprotésica: reporte de caso
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-03-02) Avilés Echeverría, Santiago Andrés; Hermida Salazar, Pablo Andrés; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
This article describes the technique used for maxillary sinus floor elevation with a lateral window approach, where bone grafting was used. The placement of dental implants in the posterior area of the upper jaw presents some difficulties due to the bone remaining in relation to the maxillary sinus floor. The factors that can affect are: the premature absence of permanent teeth, periodontal diseases, structure alterations of the maxillary sinus, like (hyperneumatization), which generates the need to search new options to rehabilitate and get more bone surface, allowing a correct and effective osseointegration, giving the required stability.
Estudio comparativo entre utilización de profilaxis antibiótica vs antibióticoterapia postextracción en la cirugía de terceros molares en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología
(2015) Cedillo Bailón, Marco Andrés; Farfán Parra, Pamela Tatiana; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis vs postoperative antibiotic therapy for 7 days as a preventive method of infection in included and semi included third molars surgery. Materials and methods: A observational descriptive study was done in 30 patients who were treated in the Surgery area of the Dentistry school at the University of Cuenca in the period of March - June 2015; randomly divided into group A (n = 15) who received antibiotic prophylaxis with 2 g of amoxicillin one hour before the intervention and group B (n = 15) who received antibiotic therapy of 500 mg of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 125 mg orally every eight hours for seven days. Clinical signs (edema, erythema, pain, lymphadenopathy, general discomfort, purulent exudate, fever) were evaluated at 8 and 15 days after the surgery. Results: No statistically significant difference was found evaluating Clinical signs of infection between the two groups of the study and there were not any patient that presented purulent exudate, fever, lymphadenopathy or general discomfort. Conclusions: The use of prophylactic antibiotics as a preventive method of oral infection after surgery of included and semi Included third molars in ASA I patients was as effective as antibiotic therapy for 7 days
Frecuencia de la posición de terceros molares inferiores retenidos con relación a la clasificación de pell & gregory en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2014) Crespo Reinoso, Pablo Andrés; Farfán Romero, María Elisa; García García, Ana Karina; Landi Palacios, David Antonio; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
A descriptive retrospective study was realized through the analysis of panoramic radiographs obtained from the Dentistry Faculty of the Universidad de Cuenca. From a grand total of 1186 radiographs, 400 were selected, in which position and class according to Pell & Gregory of the impacted lower third molars. Position of the lower third molar in relation to de occlusal plane and cervical level of the adjoining second molar, also, for the class determination, discrepancy between the tooth lateral diameter and the disposable space between the second molar and the anterior border of the mandibular branch was measured. The result was a predominant Class II, Position B for both sides. Keywords: Third molar, dental retention, panoramic radiograph
Literature review on bizarre parosteal osteochomatous proliferation or Nora’s lesion: a clinical case study
(2021) Albarracín Solórzano, Karla Sthefany; Patiño Yugsi, Marcia Raquel; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel; Torres Calle, María Fernanda
Bizarre parostal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) or also called Nora's disease, is a rare, benign lesion whose radiographic and histological characteristics can lead to a wrong diagnosis. Most of the cases reported in the literature correspond to the small tubular bones of the hands and feet, being the involvement of the skull and jaws extremely rare. Treatment is surgical and includes surgical excision, simple resection and resection with wide margins; the lesion presents high recurrence (50%) for this reason, when it occurs in small bones such as metacarpals, total amputation of the bone is chosen. Here we present a case of BPOP involving the alveolar ridge of the mandible of a 72-year-old woman. This would be the ninth published case of bizarre parostal osteochondromatous proliferation corresponding to the maxillofacial region and the fourth case located in the mandible
Manejo de la parestesia del nervio dentario inferior postextracción de terceros molares mediante terapia láser: una revisión
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-18) Calle Calle, Samantha Nicole; Ojeda Arechua, Edisson Gonzalo; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Introduction: Extraction of mandibular third molars is a common intervention that can cause complications such as damage to adjacent teeth, swelling, bleeding, infection and nerve injuries, with injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) being significant. Low-level laser therapy is presented as a promising option for the regeneration of damaged nerve tissue and the treatment of paresthesia. Methodology: A narrative review was performed with an exhaustive search in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar using validated DeCS descriptors between 2019 and 2024. Inclusion criteria covered publications in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages, while studies on other surgical procedures were excluded. Results: 13 representative articles were identified. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to be effective in nerve tissue regeneration and pain relief, with significant improvements in healing and neurosensory recovery. Discussion: The literature agrees that LLLT is effective in treating post-surgical paresthesia, although standardization of protocols is needed. Some studies suggest combining LLLT with vitamin B12 as an additional benefit. Conclusions: LLLT has great potential for treating paresthesia after third molar extraction. However, the lack of standardization in protocols limits its clinical implementation, and more studies in this area are recommended. General field of study: Dentistry. Specific field of study: Oral Surgery. Type of article: Narrative literature review.
Prevalencia de complicaciones durante la exodoncia en la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018) Bustos Castellano, Andrea Tatiana; Morales González, Karla Estefania; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
The research was carried out with the objective of determining the prevalence of complications during simple exodontia in patients at the Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. A form was used that contains general data of the patient and specific of each complication. The results showed a prevalence of complications of 42.5% corresponding to 120 teeth, the upper molars (43.2%) showed a higher prevalence of complications during the simple extraction procedure. The pain (56.9%) and the tooth fracture to extract (45.1%) were the most frequent complications. No teeth were found that had suffered complications of displacement of the tooth to the maxillary sinus and of intraoperative hemorrhage
Prevalencia de complicaciones durante la exodoncia simple en pacientes tratados en el área de cirugía de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2017) Bustos Castellano, Andrea Tatiana; Morales González, Karla Estefanía; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
The present study was a descriptive cross - sectional study with the objective of determining the prevalence of complications during simple exodontia in patients treated in the surgery area of the Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Materials and methods. For the collection of the information, a form containing general patient data and specific to each complication was used. For the analysis and tabulation of data the program was used: SPSS version 20 Spanish and Microsoft Excel 2013. Descriptive statistics were used in proportions and percentages, the results were presented using graphs and tables. Results. The results showed a prevalence of complications of 42,5% corresponding to 120 dental pieces, the female sex (60,8%), the age group of 18 to 40 years old (80,4%) and the maxillary molars (43,2%) showed a higher prevalence of complications during the simple exodontic procedure. Pain (56,9%) and fracture of the tooth to be extracted (45,1%) were the most frequent complications
Prevalencia de dolor musculoesquelético y factores asociados en odontólogos de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, 2016
(2019) Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel; Lafebre Carrasco, Milton Fabricio; Morales Sanmartín, Jaime Rodrigo; Álvarez Pesantez, Karola del Rocío
Background: pain is one of the main symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, and has high frequency in dentistry professionals. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, and socio-demographic and occupational factors associated with dentists working in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 240 dentists enrolled in the Azuay Provincial Health Directorate of the city of Cuenca-Ecuador until 2015. The Kuorinka questionnaire was used to determine musculoskeletal symptoms. A form was created with sociodemographic variables and pain characteristics to establish statistical associations. The information was processed in the statistical package SPSS version 22. Results: 58.7% corresponded to the female sex. The average age was 37 years with an SD of 11.6. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 73.3%, being located in more than one anatomical region. 90.3% attributed the pain to work causes. The factors associated with pain were: female sex, sedentary lifestyle, work in the public sector and workload greater than 30 hours per week. Musculoskeletal pain in dentists is statistically associated to: female sex (OR= 2.60, 95% CI= 1.35 – 4.99, p= 0.004), sedentary lifestyle (OR= 2.42, 95% CI= 1,20 – 4.89, p= 0.013), practice in the public area (OR= 2.97, IC 95%= 1.26 – 6.99, p= 0.012) and workload greater than 30 hours per week (OR= 2.21, IC 95%= 1.15 – 4.21, p= 0.017). Conclusions: the practice of dental practice is a risk factor for the generation of musculoskeletal disorders
Prevalencia de enfermedades odontológicas en pacientes adultos atendidos en el área clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Enero 2023 - Junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-10) García Ulloa, Odalis Melina; León Loja, Emily Juleysi; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Introduction: Dental diseases have become the main problems of public health. The prevalence of these diseases has changed throughout the world due to changing lifestyles. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental diseases in adult patients treated in the Clinical Area of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca. January 2023 – June 2023. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation was carried out. The population consisted of 545 patients from 20 to 65 years of age treated in the General Diagnosis Area of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca and the sample was 227 of these patients. The technique used was the review of medical records to obtain the data. Office Excel 16 software was used for descriptive statistical analysis through frequencies and percentages. Results: 60.35% of the population was made up of women. The most frequent diseases were dental caries with 91.19% and periodontal disease with 82.82%. The female population presents higher prevalence figures with 55.51% in dental caries and 50.66% in periodontal disease, compared to 35.68% and 32.16% in men. The age groups with the highest prevalence of dental disease were 20 to 35 years and 36 to 50 years. Conclusions: The most prevalent dental diseases were dental caries and periodontal disease, which mainly affect women. The figures found are lower than those of other reports.
Prevalencia de la posición de terceros molares mandibulares según la clasificación de Sandhu y kaur. Junio 2016
(2016) Clavijo Jaramillo, María Cristina; Serrano Cisneros, Juan José; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Unerupted third molar extraction is the most common surgical procedure in dentistry due to the known association with the development of different pathological conditions. That is why most of the times they are removed for prophylactic reasons, taking interceptive or preventive action to avoid the appearance of unwanted clinical symptoms in the patient. For the diagnostic and treatment plan done previously to the third molar extraction, it is necessary to take a panoramic radiography of the patient, afterwards the course of action is decided. For this we propose the use of a new classification written by Sandhu & Kaur, this allows us to determine the third molar inclination with the adjacent second molar. The general objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of mandibular third molars with the basis of the classification proposed by Sandhu & Kaur; 400 panoramic radiographs, obtained from the Centro de Rayos X & Imagen were observed, which resulted in the study of 688 inferior third molars. The results showed a bigger prevalence of the mesioangular position in both genders, as well as in the 17 to 26 years age group; while the over 26 years age group resulted in the vertical position being the most numerous one. The data obtained matches the revised scientific evidence for this study.
Prevalencia y características del canal incisivo mandibular en cbct
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018) Muñoz Guartán, Carolina Lizzeth; Olivo Aguilar, Bryan Santiago; Pineda Álvarez, David Manuel
Objetive: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of the mandibular incisor canal using cone beam computed tomography. Methodology: A descriptive and observational research was carried out. The sample consisted of 93 tomographies of the radiological center “Innova X-ray Facial Maxillus Facial” of the city of Cuenca in the period October 2016 - September 2017. The images were analyzed using the software i-Dixel 7.0.0.1, the information was collected in forms and was processed with the SPSS V.23 program. Results: The prevalence of mandibular incisor channel was 95.7% and was visualized mainly in males (97.5%). In 80.9% the position is bilateral, when unilateral, the prevalence is higher on the left side (12.4%). In both sexes, the bilateral channel is more frequent, especially in women (88%). Unilateral positions, either right or left, predominate in men (12.8% and 15.4%). The average channel dimensions were: (right/left) length: 8.59±3.40mm/ 9.07±3.30mm, maximum vertical diameter: 1.88±0.59mm/ 1.93±0.54mm and maximum horizontal diameter: 2.02±0.54mm/ 2.07±0.53mm). Conclusions: The prevalence of the mandibular incisor channel is high, with morphological characteristics in our population, which is why it is necessary to identify and assess it using cone beam computed tomography in each case in particular