Browsing by Author "Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso"

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Análisis de la aceptación y destino del crédito de desarrollo humano de la agencia BNF de Gualaceo para la crianza de pollos
(2015) Tenesaca Chacón, Galo Patricio; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
This research aims to investigate the results of "human development credit" delivered by the Development Bank in Gualaceo Canton in the period 2012-2014, with reference to the relational study to validate and measure the degree of satisfaction of the claim development human, (purchased inputs) and poultry (broilers); for which you work with the descriptive, exploratory cross method. Surveys of the beneficiaries of the Human Development Bond, who requested credit for the activity of production of broilers met the objectives of government policies apply. This credit financing production activities, which in total are 281 credit beneficiaries in Gualaceo Canton, to assess the status of individual and relational situation variable satisfaction. For which it has the necessary resource information to carry out the investigation
Análisis de la respuesta espectral del cultivo de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) a la aplicación de fertilizante nitrogenado evaluado con el índice de vegetación NDVI
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-28) Robles Vargas, José Ismael; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
The barley Hordeum vulgare L. is one of the main cereals crops worldwide, nationally and regionally, its importance is due to its great capacity of ecological adaptation, its nutritional value and malt extraction for brewing. In cereal production, nitrogen is the most important element because it is present in different physiological functions of the plant. Generally, and especially in our environment, nitrogen fertilization in barley is deficient, or it is misused, resulting in low efficiency for the crop and thus increasing the rate of environmental pollution induced by nitrogenous fertilizers. The present study applied the NDVI vegetation index in barley, evaluating its spectral response or nutritional status subjected to different doses of fertilization, with the purpose of establishing at what dosage the crop provides an ideal and measurable spectral response with this method. The experiment was carried out at the Irquis farm of the University of Cuenca, a randomized complete block design (D.B.C.A) with four repetitions where four nitrogenous fertilizer treatments was applied: 46% Urea. (T1 = 0 kg N/ha of CH₄N₂O); (T2 = 20 kg N/ha of CH₄N₂O); (T3 = 60 kg N/ha of CH₄N₂O); (T4 = 80 kg N/ha of CH₄N₂O). Fertilizer application was divided, one half at the beginning of sowing (0 days after sowing) and the other half at the tillering phenological stage (40 dap). Images were taken in three phenological stages: tillering (51 dap), spike (86 dap) and maturity (112 dap). The results showed significant differences for the spike phenological phase, but no significant differences were found for the tillering or maturity phenological phases. This study showed that by interpreting the NDVI index it is possible to know the spectral behavior of the crop subjected to different dosages of nitrogen.
Composición florística, diversidad y abundancia de arvenses presentes en pasturas de las zonas ganaderas de la parroquia Nabón del cantón Nabón - Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-20) Chucuri Morocho, Adrián Alfredo; Pangol Loja, Byron Xavier; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
To determine the floristic composition, diversity and abundance of weeds present in the pastures of the livestock areas, a study was conducted in different altitudinal gradients: floor 1 (2400-2700 m a.s.l.), floor 2 (2700-3000 m a.s.l.) and floor 3 (3000-3300 m a.s.l.). m). The area of each plot was 100 m2 and 15 plots were located in each altitudinal level, these plots were located along the parish of Nabón in the province of Azuay; the sampling procedure was descriptive in quantity and availability of weeds. The results were: 17 families and 27 species, where the families with the highest abundance were: Asteraceae 29 %, Iridaceae 16 %, Polygonaceae 14 %, while the species with the highest abundance were: Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Rumex crispus and Bidens pilosa. The permanova or adosin analysis showed that there was no significant difference between altitudinal levels (p= 0.052), but significant statistic was observed at the level of growth habit (arvense, forage) (p=0.001). On the other hand, the Shannon and Simpson indices showed a mean of 0.67 and 0.39, which is considered low diversity, and there was no significant difference in diversity between altitudinal levels. Studies on the diversity of weed species allow us to better understand the role of weeds in agroecosystems and thus to make more reasonable decisions when implementing control measures that are more appropriate for the environment.
Diversidad y abundancia de malezas presentes en pasturas de las zonas ganaderas de la parroquia Chorocopte - Cañar
(2023-06-26) Ochoa Jarro, Jacqueline Alejandra; Salazar Torres, Cristhian Alexander; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
The present investigation had the purpose of determining the botanical composition, diversity and abundance of weeds present in the pastures of the Chorocopte parish, which was carried out in five altitudinal ranges: floor one that goes from 3168 to 3368 m s.n.m., floor two of 3368 at 3568 m s.n.m., floor three from 3568 to 3768 m s.n.m., floor four 3768 to 3968 m s.n.m. and floor five from 3968 to 4168 m s.n.m. In this place, UPA's of 500 m2 were established to carry out the sampling. In each site, the number of species and the number of individuals per species were counted, and the diameter of the weed stem (mm) was recorded. In the data analysis, variables such as: relative density (DR), relative frequency (FR), relative dominance (DmR) and Importance Value Index (IVI) were determined; likewise, the Shannon diversity index (H') and the Margalef richness index (DMG) were estimated. Regarding the botanical composition, 39 species of weeds were recorded in the Chorocopte parish, which are within 19 families; the family with the highest species richness was Asteraceae, Poaceae, with 7 and 6 species respectively; the most important species in the parish are: Agropyron repens, Holcus lanatus, whose importance value indices (IVI) are: 9,21 and 8,42. For the community studied, an H' of 0,99 and a DMG of 2,99 were recorded.
Diversidad y abundancia de malezas presentes en pasturas de las zonas ganaderas de la parroquia Honorato Vásquez del Cantón Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-16) Padilla Padilla, Ángel Paul; Bagua Satian, Mayra Alejandra; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
Weeds represent a great threat to global and national agriculture by limiting land use options, therefore, adequate management is necessary to minimize economic and environmental damage in favor of sustainable agriculture, in this context, the objective of the present study was to determine the diversity and abundance of weeds present in the pastures of the livestock areas of the Honorato Vásquez parish of the Cantón Cañar, province of Cañar. For which 92 UPAS (Associative Productive Unit) were selected, which were categorized according to their location with respect to the micro-watersheds present in the area and the sampling procedure corresponded to the descriptive quantity-availability of weeds and was carried out progressively from the month of April of the year 2021. Obtaining as a result of the taxonomic classification, the identification of 18 families and 30 species, the most representative being the Poacea family with 61.78%. Likewise, the Margalef index was determined for the study area, whose value was 3.75, while the Shannon diversity index was 2.55, resulting in greater diversity in the UPAS close to the micro-basin. In addition, it was obtained that the 3 main species of importance were T. officinale, S. oleraceus and P. lanceolata L. and as a result of the statistical analysis, significant differences were observed between UPAS for the Margalef index and the number of weeds per m2. Concluding that from the determination of the differences in the diversity and abundance of the species according to the location of the area with respect to the bodies of water, it will be possible to design efficient weed control plans for the different national livestock areas.
“Diversidad y abundancia de malezas presentes en pasturas de las zonas ganaderas de la parroquia San Gerardo del cantón Girón.”
(2019-09-05) Ayora León., Byron Fernando; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
The loss of plant species is increasing, in the next three decades more than ¼ of the existing plants in the world will have been lost, this extinction will threaten natural ecosystems, to demonstrate these important problems to carry out studies in identification and classification of species. The main objective of this research was to quantify the diversity and abundance of species in the pastures of the San Gerardo parish; To achieve this objective, 86 of 178 UPAs were selected, the areas that were sampled were established in two montane altitude floors (2,400m to 2,890m) and high montane (2,980m to 3,302m). The data collection was carried out using a wooden quadrant of 1m2, this was thrown randomly over the pasture 144 times. The species were taxonomically classified, identifying 15 families, which belonged to 22 genera and 24 species; Diversity was quantified using the Shannon and Simpson indices. The Simpson index allows me to classify that the montane altitude floor (1.96) has a greater diversity with respect to the high montane floor (0.58) and with the Simpson index there was no significant difference in terms of diversity between two altitude floors. The distribution of species allowed to identify the species, evidencing a reduction in wealth, diversity and abundance as the altitude increases. Species diversity studies will allow establishing a mapping where unwanted species can be identified, their incidence and distribution
Diversidad y abundancia de malezas presentes en pasturas de las zonas ganaderas en la comunidad de Chuguin grande de la Parroquia Ingapirca del Cantón Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-09) Sotamba Morocho, Elsa María; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
The study on the diversity and abundance of weeds in the pastures of the Chuguin Grande community in the Ingapirca parish, located in the Cañar canton, Ecuador, was aimed at determining the variety of species present in the region's livestock areas. A statistical sampling methodological approach was used, which included the delimitation of the study area and the installation of sampling plots to collect representative botanical samples. The analyses carried out allowed the identification of 17 families and 27 species of weeds, with dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) being the most abundant species. The results also indicated a higher density of weeds in the lower altitudinal levels, suggesting a direct influence of the environment on the proliferation of these plants. Diversity indices such as Shannon's and Margalef's were calculated, which highlighted the great variability in the distribution of weeds in the different Agricultural Production Units (APUs). The study concluded that knowledge of weed diversity and distribution is essential for efficient pasture management, since these plants can compete for vital resources with crops and affect livestock productivity.
Estado actual del uso de marcadores moleculares en el diagnóstico y control genético de enfermedades del tomate de árbol
(2020) Castro Quezada, Patricio Salvador; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso; Díaz Granda, Lourdes Elizabeth
Tree tomato is a crop of Andean origin. This is cultivated mainly in South America and it is increasingly in demand worldwide. However, it is a crop very susceptible to pests and diseases. There are currently improvement programs to obtain resistant cultivars that include wild species for introgression of features of interest such as disease resistance and improvement of fruit quality in commercial plantations. However, although some segregators of the crosses made have shown resistance in field conditions, the information available regarding molecular markers useful in the interactions of this crop with its main pathogens is scarce. In Ecuador, the main pathogens that attack tree tomatoes are Colletotrichum sp., Meloidogyne sp. and virus species classified in six genera: Potyvirus, Cucumovirus, Tospovirus, Tobamovirus, Potexvirus and Polerovirus. The presence of these pathogens has been detected with the use of different molecular techniques. This report presents the current status in the use of molecule markers, both in the diagnosis of diseases, and in the detection of resistance-related information.
Evaluación de alternativas tecnológicas para el manejo de malezas en el cultivo de amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus L.) variedad INIAP alegría, en dos agroecosistemas de la provincia del Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-07-01) Carpio Sánchez, Andrés Maximiliano; Córdova Coellar, Jorge Andrés; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
Weed management alternatives were evaluated in the Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) variety INIAP Alegría variety, in two agroecosystems in the Azuay province. Weeds present in the areas of the experiment were identified, the most effective treatment for weed management was determined among the treatments of padding, manual weeding, application of paraquat dichloride, Clomazone and associated crops, then they were economically analyzed.The test was established in randomized complete blocks (DBCA), performing non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests with multiple comparisons between treatments. The broadleaf weeds had a higher incidence both in the INIAP locality (83.49%) and in the S. Bolívar locality (60.32%) with respect to the narrow-leaf ones (16.51% and 39.68 %), it was classified according to the family they belong to, having more presence of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families (31.5% and 21.05%) in both locations. As for the effectiveness for weed control; The Acolchado 10 treatment achieved lower weed coverage (21.67%), greater height (229.00cm) and at the same time higher yield (kg / ha = 3299.9) in the INIAP locality. On the other hand, Simón Bolívar, the Acolchado 10 treatment reached lower weed coverage (23.67%) and the highest yield (kg / ha = 2858.80), the acolchado 20 treatment reached the highest height (158.57 cm). While for TRM values, they indicate that for every dollar that the producer invests to switch to Acolchado 10 technology, he expects to btain an additional $ 3.51 for the INIAP location and an additional $ 2.54 in the Simón Bolívar location.
Plan de negocio de la empresa “Easyagro”
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-17) Baculima Zeas, Lenin Andrés; Peñaloza Zhispón, Saúl Oswaldo; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
One of the major problems in agriculture is the impact of pests and diseases that cause great losses in agricultural production systems, which implies an economic expense for phytosanitary control over these high-risk invasions through traditional fumigation methods with pesticides. The need for farmers is to find a solution or alternative to reduce labor, time, and coverage of the product in the crops. In large areas that exceed 5 hectares and less than 15 hectares, they intend to fumigate with the faster method by small plane. However, access to the crops is complicated because it is not economically feasible for light aircraft companies to carry out fumigation activities on properties smaller than 20 hectares. Today, technology provides equipment known as UAVs (drones), which are unmanned aerial vehicles with the ability to fumigate 1 taking between 10 to 15 minutes with 20 liters of product solution capacity. The present study was carried out in the provinces of El Oro and Azuay in the southern part of Ecuador, in which market information was collected from producers and thusdetermined the viability of implementing a drone fumigation service in this study area. The market study indicates that both medium and small producers demand that there be benefits of this fumigation service for their crops, and that said cost does not exceed traditional fumigation where they usually require more labor and work time