Browsing by Author "Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio"

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A New Adaptive Strategy for Enhancing the Stability of Isolated Grids through the Integration of Renewable Energy and V2G Management
(2024) Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Iñiguez Morán, Vinicio Estuardo; Arévalo Cordero, Wilian Paul
The integration of renewable energy sources into isolated microgrids introduces significant power fluctuations due to their intermittent nature. This study addresses the need for advanced power smoothing methods to enhance the stability of isolated networks. An innovative adaptive strategy is presented, combining photovoltaic solar generation with vehicle-to-grid technology, utilizing an enhanced adaptive moving average filter with fuzzy logic control. The primary objective is to dynamically optimize the time frame of the Li-ion battery energy storage system for immediate power stabilization, leveraging the high energy density and rapid response capabilities inherent in electric vehicle batteries. The methodology encompasses data acquisition from photovoltaic panels, definition of fuzzy logic control rules, and implementation of the proposed method within a computer-controlled system connected to a bidirectional three-phase inverter. Experimental results highlight the proposed method’s superiority over conventional moving averages and ramp-rate filters.
A Novel Fuzzy-Logic-Based Control Strategy for Power Smoothing in High-Wind Penetrated Power Systems and Its Validation in a Microgrid Lab
(2023) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Arévalo Cordero, Wilian Paul
Wind power generation has undergone significant development in recent decades due to its environmental advantages and its economic competitiveness. However, its increasing level of penetration is not exempt from drawbacks, such as those derived from the fluctuating nature of the wind. To reduce its negative incidence on grid power quality and stability, different techniques have been developed, such as those based on power smoothing. In these techniques, there is a research gap on the adjustment of the time constant that adapts to the needs of the smoothing, avoiding uncertain results, computational efforts and delays in the response of the control. This paper addresses the problem, proposing a novel method for power smoothing in a wind turbine by using a fuzzy-logic-based supercapacitor storage system and time-constant fitting, with a first-order adaptive transfer function. The method considers as input variables the active power generated by the wind turbine and the state of charge of the supercapacitor, both sampled simultaneously. After a computation process, the proposal generates active power set-point values that the supercapacitor must produce to compensate for the intermittency of the wind, seen from the point of connection to the grid. The results were validated experimentally with comprehensive laboratory tests.
A simplified electro-mechanical model of a DFIG-based wind turbine for primary frequency control studies
(2016) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Martínez González, Sergio
In recent years, world-wide power systems are experiencing a steadily growth of wind power penetration. A common concern in the operation of such systems is related to the frequency stability. Modern variable speed wind turbines have a limited capacity in providing ancillary services, such as fast-frequency response and primary frequency regulation. Recent developments in wind plant controllers allow performing active power control from all its units to respond to system frequency deviations. It is thus important to study the effects of the presence of these plants in the system frequency response. Existing detailed models of wind turbines are not suitable to this goal because their complexity makes them impractical for system-wide studies. This paper presents a simplified model of a wind turbine with Doubly-Fed Induction Generator specifically conceived for such studies, along with its validation with a detailed model.
A Systematic Review on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Energy Management Systems for Electric Vehicles: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
(2024) Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Arévalo Cordero, Wilian Paul
This systematic review paper examines the current integration of artificial intelligence into energy management systems for electric vehicles. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, 46 highly relevant articles were systematically identified from extensive literature research. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, including machine learning, deep learning, and genetic algorithms, have been analyzed for their impact on improving electric vehicle performance, energy efficiency, and range. This study highlights significant advancements in energy management optimization, route planning, energy demand forecasting, and real-time adaptation to driving conditions through advanced control algorithms. Additionally, this paper explores artificial intelligence’s role in diagnosing faults, predictive maintenance of electric propulsion systems and batteries, and personalized driving experiences based on driver preferences and environmental factors. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence into addressing security and cybersecurity threats in electric vehicles’ energy management systems is discussed. The findings underscore artificial intelligence’s potential to foster innovation and efficiency in sustainable mobility, emphasizing the need for further research to overcome current challenges and optimize practical applications.
Análisis de estabilidad de frecuencia del sistema eléctrico ecuatoriano incorporando generación eólica con escenarios de demada, generación y contingencias
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-20) Pachari Pacheco, José Geovanny; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
Electrical power systems worldwide tend to have environmental responsibility and energy sovereignty, with the incorporation of non-conventional renewable energy and introducing technical-operational problems. The Ecuadorian National Interconnected System (SNI) was analyzed considering the base case and 4 scenarios; The base case establishes the current system with thermal, hydraulic and wind generation with 66.6MW and a system demand of 4261.20MW, the demand was covered with a contribution of 91% hydraulic generation, 8% thermal and 1% wind; In scenario 3 with a wind generation penetration of 647.19MW, the output of unit U6 of the Paute Molino plant and a demand of 4261.20MW, the demand was covered with 79% hydraulic, 7% thermal and 13% wind, failing to comply the frequency limits allowed by regulatory entities at 0.25%; For scenario 4, it considers a wind generation penetration of 885.10MW, output from unit U6 of the Paute Molino plant and a demand of 4261.20MW covered with 71% hydraulic, 8% thermal and 20% wind, failing to comply with the frequency limits allowed by regulatory entities by 3.5%. Simulations are carried out in Simulink Matlab with: Base case criteria and the 4 scenarios considered, generation agents most representative of the Ecuadorian SNI and a contribution system to the Primary Frequency Control (CPF) for wind generation with virtual inertial; Important improvements are obtained in the contribution to the CPF by the wind generation agent.
Análisis del potencial energético de residuos agrícolas en Ecuador para aplicaciones de generación eléctrica distribuida basada en bioenergía
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-27) Vega Iñiguez, María Eliza; Marín Apolo, Yulissa del Cisne; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
The use of agricultural residues as a source of biomass represents a sustainable and strategic alternative for distributed electricity generation in Ecuador. This research aims to evaluate the energy potential of residues from four key crops: oil palm, sugarcane, hard corn, and rice, which were selected for energy generation through direct combustion. These four crops yield 3635 million tons of annual usable residues, from which the annual energy potential in GWh was calculated. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis was conducted to determine the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), thereby assessing its viability as a competitive renewable energy source. The results reveal that the valorization of these agricultural waste is feasible in several provinces, particularly in Guayas, Los Ríos, Esmeraldas, Sucumbíos, and Manabí, where suitable energy yield levels for distributed generation were identified. Nationwide, the four residues offer an annual energy potential of 2407,68 GWh. For a 25 MW plant, an LCOE of 0,097 USD/kWh was obtained, positioning this energy source as competitive compared to other renewable options in the country. Implementing biomass systems would enhance the efficient use of agricultural residues, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and provide a viable pathway for renewable energy development in Ecuador.
Análisis multicriterio para la localización de emplazamientos para la promoción de proyectos de generación de energía eléctrica renovable basada en turbinas hidro-cinéticas mediante el uso de sistemas de información geográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-01) Salinas León, Carlos Daniel; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
In this article, a methodology was developed that implements the fundamentals and principles of multicriteria analysis through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), aimed at locating renewable electricity generation projects, with a particular focus on the use of hydrokinetic turbines. This approach involves the simultaneous evaluation of various geospatial factors to identify optimal locations. By integrating criteria such as water flow and current locations, proximity to water bodies, distance to inhabited areas, and environmental constraints, among others, GIS allows for the weighting and combination of these factors to generate suitability maps that highlight the most favorable areas for the installation of hydrokinetic turbines in Ecuador. Consequently, a methodology was proposed to conduct multicriteria analysis, facilitating informed and sustainable decision-making by considering technical, environmental, and social aspects in the planning of hydrokinetic projects within ArcGIS geographic information systems (GIS). As part of the results, five ideal zones were identified and evaluated through a preliminary energy calculation.
Análisis, diseño e implementación para la automatización de las etapas de producción de una máquina bloquera
(2012) Granda Mejía, Carlos Julio; Perlaza Benavides, Walter Andrés; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
Analysis of control strategies based on virtual inertia for the improvement of frequency stability in an islanded grid with wind generators and battery energy storage systems
(2021) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
Rising levels of non-synchronous generation in power systems are leading to increasing difficulties in primary frequency control. In response, there has been much research effort aimed at providing individual electronic interfaced generators with different frequency response capabilities. There is now a growing research interest in analyzing the interactions among different power system elements that include these features. This paper explores how the implementation of control strategies based on the concept of virtual inertia can help to improve frequency stability. More specifically, the work is focused on islanded systems with high share of wind generation interacting with battery energy storage systems. The paper presents a methodology for modeling a power system with virtual primary frequency control, as an aid to power system planning and operation. The methodology and its implementation are illustrated with a real case study.
Analysis of ocean energy integration in Ibero-American electric grids
(The 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, 2023) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
An analysis of ocean energy integration in Ibero-American electric grids have been summarized in this article. Offshore wind, floating solar PV, tidal, waves and even saline gradient are the technologies considered. Four different Ibero-American regions have been considered: Mesoamerica, South America, Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia. Areas or countries have been selected from each region as representative of the critical conditions, in terms of grid integration. The development of the ocean renewable energy, as referenced in the objectives achievement of many energy roadmaps in such regions, is conditioned by the possibilities to integrate the marine generation power plants in the electric systems. The objective of this analysis is to give an overview of the opportunities and barriers for integrating ocean renewable energy into these electrical grids. Identifying grid limitations would help to implement mechanisms and strategies that minimize the electrical grid impact of the integration ocean renewable energy.
Analytical approach to understanding the effects of implementing fast-frequency response by wind turbines on the short-term operation of power systems
(2021) Martinez, Sergio
The significant presence of variable-speed wind turbines in worldwide power systems has led to planners and grid operators requiring them to participate in frequency control tasks. To ad-dress this demand, a large number of wind frequency control proposals have been reported in the literature in recent years. Many of these solutions have been tested by specific experiments carried out in computer simulation environments. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the effects of enabling frequency support by wind turbines on the magnitudes that characterize the inertial response of a power system by using an analytical approach. The derived formulation and the illustrations are designed to provide a better understanding of both the mechanisms that determine the frequency stability indices and the improvement achieved by enabling the inertial response of wind turbines by implementing a virtual inertia-based method on the active power controllers of these machines. To facilitate the comprehension of the results obtained, the analytical approach is complemented with time-domain simulations in a predefined test system implemented in MATLAB/Simulink®. The proposed methodology achieves a generalization of the results and can be used for the assessment of any power system configuration
Aprovechamiento de sistemas de almacenamiento energético mediante baterías para la mitigación de desequilibrios en microrredes eléctricas
(2021) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
The massive presence of single-phase loads in electrical distribution systems and their asymmetric nature in real-time operation is the leading cause of voltage and current unbalances in microgrids and weak isolated power systems. Depending on the severity of the unbalance, this condition might compromise the expected performance of system components, reducing efficiency, and negatively impacting its lifetime plus the degradation of the power supply quality. This article proposes a control strategy designedto enable the electronic converters associated with battery energy storage systems (BESS) to mitigate the unbalance introduced by the asymmetrical three-phase load at specific points of the system. The proposal is based on the instantaneous symmetrical components’ theory, and it is designed for implementation in conventional control schemes incorporated in BESS electronics. The effectiveness of the proposal is evaluated on a testbench implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results confirm the control strategy’s efficiency and validate the research hypotheses.
Comparative study of dynamic response by three types of energy storage systems for grid studies: A Microgrid Laboratory experimental-based study
(2024) Iñiguez Morán, Vinicio Estuardo; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
Implementing Energy Storage Systems (ESS) is increasingly significant in power electrical systems. This is attributed to their ability to store surplus electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, contributing to the balance between generation and demand. Literature studies indicate that this practice enhances network stability and diminishes the need for expensive redesigns in infrastructure. This paper presents an exhaustive experimentation-based study of the dynamic response provided by three energy storage system technologies: supercapacitors, Lithium-Ion batteries, and Vanadium redox flow batteries, technologies with significant academic, research, and industrial interests nowadays. The objective of this research is the experimental evaluation of the performance of such technologies in real electrical system operations, focusing on determining the efficiency of charge and discharge, as well as the tracking of active and reactive power achieved through the associated grid interface. The experimental tests performed in a microgrid laboratory show these technologies’ advantages and limitations in different grid-integration applications, with the Lithium-Ion battery-based ESS demonstrating the highest efficiency and faster power response. The results achieved and reported in the article can serve as an essential input for researchers and technology developers to feed their models with more precise parameters and data that might provide results closer to the actual behaviour of the studied prototypes. The methodological framework used in this research is descriptive, experimental, and quantitative.
Condiciones y segmentos de la transportación en las Galápagos: estado actual de la electromovilidad y oportunidades
(2024) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
The Galapagos islands, recognized as a biodiversity treasure and a global symbol of conservation, face significant threats primarily due to tourism and fossil fuel-based transportation. The transition to a more sustainable and ecological transportation system becomes essential to preserve this unique ecosystem. This article aims to identify specific niches where initiatives geared towards a new model of efficient and environmentally friendly land and maritime transportation can be effectively implemented. Crucial data for this research were obtained through strategic collaborations with Ecuadorian government entities and on-site information gathering conducted by the research team. The data presented in this article provide a detailed insight into the conditions and segments of transportation on the islands, and it aspires to be a seedbed of opportunities. The goal is to inspire other researchers and transportation professionals, serving as a source of inspiration and reference for developing and implementing specific initiatives in the field of electromobility
Contribution of electric vehicles to power system ancillary services beyond distributed energy storage
(Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2019) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
Current electric power systems are experiencing a steady growth in renewable electricity generation and in energy consumption from electric vehicles (EV), involving a number of impacts on the system that increase with the penetration level and the system weakness. As conventional synchronous generation is being displaced by renewable generators, they must take their share in the ancillary services provision and supplementary equipment has to be installed, with its associated cost. This chapter describes how EVs, already connected to the grid with appropriate electronic converters and controls, can be used for contributing to the provision of frequency and voltage control, thus avoiding additional investment in supplementary equipment. The chapter also presents innovative approaches for both ancillary services, based on previous developments in electricity generation from wind and wave energies.
Control de la tensión en un punto de la red de distribución aplicando el concepto Vehicle to Grid (V2G) mediante la utilización de los equipos de almacenamiento energético disponible en el laboratorio de Micro-Red de la Universidad de Cuenca: Simulación y validación experimental
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-04) Quezada Ordóñez, Andrew Israel; Nivicela Quito, Alexander Gustavo; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
This academic article begins with a brief analysis of the characteristics of electric vehicles and the equipment used in the battery charging process. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the state of electromobility in Ecuador and examines the performance of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology for enhancing energy quality. The main focus of this research is to develop a voltage control method at a low-voltage electrical network connection point using the charging components of an electric vehicle. Simulink software simulation applies the necessary theory to emulate the equations and electrical components involved, using a Proportional-Integral controller as the control method. For experimental validation, resources from the University of Cuenca's microgrid lab are used, emulating the network with power from feeder 0523, the EV's load with programmable load, the charging station with a bidirectional inverter, and the EV's storage system with a lithium battery. This approach is complemented by a MATLAB routine linked to SCADA for the inverter's reactive power control based on a PI controller. Graphic results for both simulation and experimental validation are presented. It concludes that the proposed method effectively maintains voltage within regulatory limits without significantly discharging the battery, ensuring no negative impact on the EV's storage system's longevity.
Control PID digital algoritmo, diseño e implementación
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2013-06) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
Desarrollo de un prototipo de aula energéticamente autónoma mediante un sistema solar fotovoltaico con almacenamiento en baterías: caso de estudio en el campus Balzay de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Vargas González, Guido Antonio; Iñiguez Moran, Vinicio Estuardo; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
This thesis presents the development of a prototype energy-autonomous classroom powered by a photovoltaic solar system with energy storage, located on the Balzay campus of the University of Cuenca. The study begins with an analysis of the available solar resource, including a comparison with other databases to validate the accuracy of the irradiation values used in the project. Simultaneously, the selection of the prototype classroom was carried out by evaluating parameters related to occupancy levels in candidate classrooms on the Balzay campus. Subsequently, the energy consumption profile on the selected classroom was studied to determine both the overall consumption level and the demand behavior within a university setting. Understanding this behavior enabled the optimal sizing of the proposed photovoltaic system. The system was then designed based on the energy needs of the pilot classroom, taking into account commercially available equipment in the Ecuadorian market and their technical specifications to dine the system layout. The proposed system was evaluated through simulation using PVsyst, with the aim of validating the design results. Although it was not possible to implement the proposed system due to the unavailability of certain components, the energy quality of an existing system in Microgrid Laboratory – operating under the same conditions considered for the classroom prototype – was analyzed, thereby validating the feasibility and reliability of the proposed project.
Desarrollo de un sistema de telemetría para adquisición y monitoreo de datos de los aerogeneradores del mini-parque eólico de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-03-15) Castillo Calle, Néstor David; Villegas Aldeán, María Soledad; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
Today, renewable energy systems offer the opportunity to take advantage of resources such as wind energy. In order to achieve efficient management of devices and systems that generate energy using this type of resource, it is imperative that operators have accurate and timely information. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and visualize the data associated with this equipment, both in industrial environments and in homes. Telemetry systems are commonly used for these purposes, since the main advantage of telemetry lies in the ability to obtain real-time information about our project. This allows us to correct possible failures quickly and efficiently, streamlining procedures and optimizing equipment performance. Consequently, telemetry is presented as a fundamental tool to maximize the use of renewable energy resources and ensure optimal operation of the systems. In this context, the objective of this degree work is to develop a telemetry system that allows the visualization and monitoring of wind variables by the personnel of the Micro-grid laboratory of the University of Cuenca. This system employs a IoT architecture, where the data obtained from the inverters located in the Irquis mini- wind farm are stored in the Thingsboard server using the HTTP. This information can be exported in plain text format, facilitating its analysis or use in future applications.
Detección de fallas en paneles solares fotovoltaicos utilizando procesamiento de imágenes SWIR y técnica de electroluminiscencia
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-13) Gómez López, Franklin Mauricio; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio
The growth of the solar industry has driven the need for effective methods to detect defects in photovoltaic systems, which inspired this study focused on the application of image processing techniques in the short-wave infrared spectrum (SWIR) through electroluminescence. Thiswork centers on the design and implementation of an experimental methodology to identify defects in commercial photovoltaic panels, using an OWL 640 M camera to capture images and combining image processing techniques with machine learning to detect cracks, interrupted contacts, and material anomalies. The proposed approach includes stages such as equipment calibration, individual cell analysis, and system performance evaluation, employing convolutional neural networks and a dataset tailored to the characteristics of the images. The results not only contribute to improving the efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic systems but also present opportunities in fields such as electronic component detection, humidity identification, liquid measurement, and contaminant analysis in food, highlighting the multidisciplinary impact of SWIR imaging.