Browsing by Author "Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía"

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Biomonitoreo de la calidad del aire en el cantón Cuenca, mediante los cambios en la diversidad de líquenes epífitos asociados con los niveles de material particulado sedimentable
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-05) Villalta Chungata, Jessica Alexandra; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
Air quality represents a challenge to sustainability, health of the population and the environment, due to the pollution generated by fixed and mobile sources. The present work was based on the study of air quality through the analysis of sedimentable particulate matter (SPM), corroborating whether the concentration levels comply with national regulations (TULSMA) and international regulations (WHO). An analysis of the diversity of epiphytic lichen species as bioindicators of atmospheric contamination was carried out using the Shannon-Wiener Index (ISW) and the air quality of the canton was analyzed using the Atmospheric Purity Index (IPA). The study area included the Industrial Park Sector, Historic Center, 12 de abril Avenue, Abelardo J Andrade Avenue, IESS Sector and South Control. For the collection of MPS, the gravimetric method was used to determine the soluble and insoluble particles in the ambient air, while to determine the diversity of lichens, a survey grid was used to obtain the frequency. The results showed that the Historic Center and Av. 12 de abril obtained the highest concentration of MPS, exceeding the stipulations of the regulations. Likewise, the ISW registered the lowest distribution of lichens, placing it in the “low diversity” classification. As for the IPA, the Cuenca canton was in the “medium contamination” category. Finally, the MPS values were correlated with those of the ISW where a very low negative correlation was obtained, indicating that there is no relationship
Caracterización del material particulado PM10 y su efecto fitotóxico en las semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa), rábano (Raphanus sativus) y brócoli (Brassica oleracea itálica)
(2017) Monroy Morocho, Lorena Marisol; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
The purpose of this study was to determine the phytotoxic effect of the Particulate Matter (PM10) collected at three monitoring points in the city of Cuenca. The samples were collected by Center for Environmental Studies (CEA) of the University of Cuenca in 2014, using the method described in the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA), using a high volume sampler. We also performed the characterization of heavy metals present in the city air through the chemical analysis of water soluble solutions of Particulate Material. The phytotoxicity of PM10 was evaluated in seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) at different concentrations; (100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) of the same PM10 that were prepared in the laboratory of the Center for Environmental Studies (CEA) with a dilution factor of 10, After the recommended exposure time for short-duration bioassays by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the seeds against the contaminant, the length of the radicle and hypocotyl were measured, then the data obtained were analyzed in the program Statistic IBM SPSS Statistics 22 in which the means were determined with their respective standard deviation of the growth of the radicle and hypocotyl of each seed species, determining in this way if there are significant differences of these growths with respect to the controls, in addition the Calculation of the average inhibitory concentration (IC50) with the data of the germination of the seeds which allowed us to establish the level of incidence of PM10 on vegetables
Comparación de dos métodos empleados para la determinación de material particulado depositado en la superficie de especies vegetales
(2019-09-20) Sinchi Chaca, Walter Fabián; Vera Romero, Grace del Cisne; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
Vegetation acts as a biological filter retaining particles on its surface. It provides an ecosystem service, which allows to improve air quality, mostly in urban and industrial areas, where occasionally particulate matter (PM) exceeds permissible limits. PM affects health in such ways as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. Therefore, alternatives have been sought to reduce their concentrations in environmental air. Vegetation can improve air quality by capturing and retaining PM on its surface. The large foliar area of trees, makes them the most effective type of vegetation for that purpose. At the same time, small leaves and complex shapes increase efficiency. Several methods have been developed to comprehend the capacity of the vegetation to remove and quantify PM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of agreement between two methods: water cleaning and brush cleaning on the leaf surfaces. For this purpose, large, coarse and fine fractions of PM were estimated by both methods, on the leaf surface of two tree species of the same family, Salicaceae, but with different characteristics, Salix humboldtiana and Populus balsamifera. For each species, 10 samples were collected, with a subsequent replication. The degree of concordance was estimated using the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). In addition, the absolute error was calculated as well. No statistically significant differences were found in the accumulation capacities between species. Results show a poor degree of agreement between the methods (< 0,90), corroborated by relative error values between 29,18 % and 195,79 %. In this way, the brush cleaning method cannot replace the water cleaning method. Nonetheless, as new research highlights, these methods must be complemented to ensure a greater efficiency of PM quantification.
Determinación de material particulado sedimentable proveniente del Parque Industrial del cantón Cuenca y su influencia en las zonas aledañas
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-02-12) González Espinoza, Lorena Hortencia; Sánchez Carrión, Andrea Cristina; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
In the canton Cuenca, one of the main sources of employment and economic income is the industrial park through the execution of its manufacturing activities, which in turn generate emissions of polluting gases and particles. This research consisted of the analysis of air pollution by sedimentable particulate matter (PTS), to verify whether concentrations comply with existing Ecuadorian regulations, their influence in the study area and population, in addition to their relationship to weather factors. The sampling area corresponds to the industrial park sector and neighboring sites, during the period September - October 2020 and a total of 40 points were analyzed. For sample collection, the passive sampling method and its analysis using the gravimetric method were used, the values obtained from PTS correlated with variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, speed and wind direction the dispersion of the pollutant was represented graphically and finally surveys were applied to the inhabitants to learn about the social influence. The results indicated that the points of greatest concentration throughout the study were located within the industrial park and mostly exceed the maximum limits set, it was observed that the pollutant is mostly distributed to the west and center of the study area, and a low ratio was obtained with respect to weather variables
Determinación y caracterización de material particulado sedimentable en el casco urbano del cantón Portovelo
(2017) Bravo Vásquez, Luis Leonidas; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
In the canton of Portovelo, the main activity that generates economic income is the exploitation of mines and quarries with 38.9% according to the Population and Housing Census of the year 2010. The execution of these tasks brings with it emissions of polluting gases and particulate matter to the atmosphere, discharges of tailings to the rivers and generation of solid waste. The present research consists in establishing an air pollution baseline by sedimentary particulate matter in 12 sites of the urban center of the canton of Portovelo and determine the heavy metal content in 5 homogeneously selected samples, in order to spatially interpolate and to analyze statistically the obtained results. Analyzes of the sedimentary particulate matter indicate that 11 monitoring sites exceed the permissible maximum limit stipulated in Ministerial Agreement 097-A of 1mg/cm2*30 days; while referring to World Health Organization guidelines, all the sites analyzed exceed the permissible maximum limit of 0.5mg/cm2*30 days. Likewise, the reported results of heavy metals show that in El Pache sector, concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead exceed by more than 90% the found in the central zone of the canton.
Diseño de un biodigestor y construcción de un prototipo
(2003-11-11) Jara Cobos, Lourdes Elizabeth; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía; Parra Alvarracín, Juan
Diseño de un sistema de gestión ambiental para una Empresa Maderera: estudio de caso
(2008) Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía; Duyck, Hannele
Dispersión de contaminantes atmosféricos por fuentes fijas de combustión del Parque Industrial de la ciudad de Cuenca, mediante los software Screen view 3 y Disper 5.2
(2018) Avilés Flores, Daniela Marisol; Rivera Banegas, Miguel Angel; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
The air contamination is a global problem. In the city of Cuenca we find two important sources of contamination: The vehicle fleet and the industrial park. This investigation reveals the dispersion of pollutants (CO, NOx and SO2) in the city which originate from the industrial sector. For this we elaborated an inventory of realized emissions through bibliographical review and on-site survey applying the methodology established in TULSMA and in the Ministerial Agreement 097-A. A total of 122 industries were examined and 22 of those are considered fixed sources of emissions. It found that the major contaminant was SO2 with 69,5437 g/s, followed by NOx with 19,6781 g/s and finally CO with 2,9226 g/s.The major contributors in the category of production of carton and paper are SO2 and NOx and CO in the category of the industrial pharmaceuticals and chemical products. It presented the modeling of the dispersion of the contaminants (CO,NOx,SO2) utilizing the software Disper 5.2 and Screen View 3 and finally we proceeded to compare those two softwares on a qualitative scale where we took into account 5 aspects: easiness of comprehension, graphic quality, portability, security and accuracy of information. Disper 5.2 achieved an evaluation of 4 which is acceptable and Screen View 3 with an evaluation of 3,6 belongs to the rank of accepatble.
Efecto genotóxico de los compuestos orgánicos Benzo(a)pireno, Benzo(a)antraceno, Benzo(b)fluoranteno y Fenantreno del material particulado PM 2,5 del aire de la ciudad de Cuenca sobre células CHO-K1
(2019-07-04) Vázquez Guillén, Cinthya Pamela; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
The industrialization and the increase of the automotive park, are fundamental factors for the formation of particulate material, which is considered, as one of the main responsible for the opportunity of human education. Being the main source of generation of particulate matter the incomplete combustion of vehicles with motor and diesel, because it favors the formation of police aromatic hydrocarbons, and what has been cataloged as carcinogenic and mutagenic substances according to the classification of the International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC). For this reason, the existence of hydrocarbons is considered: Benzo (a) pyrene, Benzo (a) anthracene Benzo (b) fluoranthene, and fluoranthene in particulate material PM 2,5 collected at monitored points in the city of Cuenca previously defined. Using gas chromatography coupled to masses, finding Benzo (a) Anthracene compound that assesses its potential damage can be transformed to the toxic concentration equivalent to Benzo (a) pyrotechnic value which was 0,001893 ng / m3 determined at point P1 in the Sangurima street between Benigno Malo and Luis Cordero. Being this considered as of low risk since it is below what has been published in different regions such as the European Commission (1 ng/m3). When performing the nonparametric statistical analysis of the comet assay cell viability deployment using the difference difference, in the direction of the tail of the cells. with those measures. The possibility of genetic damage at all monitored points.
Efecto genotóxico del material particulado PM2.5 recolectado en la zona urbana de Cuenca - Ecuador sobre la línea celular de ovario de hámster chino CHO-K1
(2020) Narváez Vera, Mónica Alexandra; Astudillo Alemán, Ana Lucía; García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía; Mejía Coronel, Julio Danilo; Vasquez Sigcho, Pamela Elizabeth; Maza, Diego; Bailón Moscoso, Natalia
Toxicological and epidemiological studies have a manifesto that particulate matter (PM), specifically PM2.5 has negative effects on human health, associated with mortality, heart failure, respiratory disorders, lung diseases, and cancer. The toxicity and inflammatory effect of these particles are related to their size and chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of the soluble aqueous and organic fractions of the particulate material PM 2.5 collected in the monitoring sites of the urban area of the city of Cuenca-Ecuador and to evaluate its genotoxic activity by means of the test of the comet of in the Chinese hamster ovary cells line CHO-K1. The gravimetric analysis of the samples revealed that two of the study sites exceeded the limit of 25 ug / m3 established by the WHO. In the characterization of water and organic fractions, the presence of metals such as Fe and Zn and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a) anthracene determined, respectively. Cells were exposed to 3,26 m3 of air /mL of aqueous extracts and 1,63 m3 of air/ mL of organic extracts. Finally, it was observed that the extracts obtained from PM2.5 induce genotoxic in the length of tail length measured by the comet assay; this type of damage can be attributed to the combination of the detected chemical species
Efectos de la contaminación atmosférica en la salud de las personas en la ciudad de Cuenca
(2015) López Ortiz, Tatiana Estefanía; Pacheco González, Andrés Israel; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
This study analyzes the correlation between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological factors and their impact on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in the urban area of the city of Cuenca, in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012; the meteorological data was provided by the Meteorological Station from Universidad de Cuenca’s Environmental Studies Center (CEA, in Spanish).This data was then compared with the atmospheric pollutants obtained from the Municipality’s Public Institution of Mobility, Traffic and Transport (EMOV-EP, in Spanish) by applying the multivalent linear regression model. The data for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases was obtained from two public hospitals in the city of Cuenca. The results showed that when temperature increases by 1°C the concentration of PM10 decreases -2,65 µg/m3 and SO2 increases 2,04 µg/m3. Benzene increases the number of clinical cases, such as asthma (36,34%), bronchopneumonia (12,19%), bronchiolitis (16,89%), bronchitis (6,29%), pharyngitis ( 12,41), pneumonia (11,73%) and rhinitis (3,67%), all this due to an increase of benzene in one unit, while NO2 causes an increase of acute respiratory infection (12,07%). Finally, SO2is linked to acute respiratory infection (4,92%) and venous thrombosis (4,81%), which increases the number of clinical cases.
Elaboración de un inventario de fuentes fijas de combustión establecidas en el Parque Industrial de la ciudad de Cuenca para la estimación de emisiones atmósfericas
(2015) Aguirre Ramón, Jenny Fabiola; Machado Cuzco, Jessica Alexandra; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
Industrial Park of Cuenca city is located in northwest this park has presented an increase in their productive activity, today we can find a variety of important industries like food industry, ceramic, metal mechanical, elaboration of tires, textiles and plastic, for this situation and lack of information we have seen the need of to do inventory about air emissions of companies considered as a stationary sources of combustion in order to quantify the most representative contaminants, for the future determine the impact generated air resource witch visibly affects human health and environmental degradation. Into the selected for the study area was found 121active industries of which 32 are considered stationary combustion. The methodology used for the preparation of the inventory was made by emission factors with the result that the pollutant emitted is mostly sulfur dioxide (SO2), due to the production of paper, cardboard with a total of 8.71 kg/h, for fuel with high sulfur content, is also a consequence that this company works 24 hours a day and 7 day a week. The pollutant that is emitted in smaller quantities is carbon monoxide generated by the manufacture of furniture and joinery with a total of 4.70 kg/h. We can find suggestions to the competent environmental authority about the implementation of control measures to reduce emissions, for another part to prepare an updated database for tracking into this area of interest.
Elaboración de una línea base sobre producción más limpia aplicable al hotel Santa Lucía
(2011) Velecela Ortega, David Santiago; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
Estudio de la contaminación del aire ambiente por material particulado sedimentable en el casco urbano de la ciudad de Machala provincia de El Oro
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-02) Jara Carreño, Karen Soraya; Lojan Romero, Maribel del Cisne; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
Machala is one of the most populated cities in the province of El Oro, therefore it is in a constant urban growth as well as the automotive sector, this causes an increase in atmospheric emissions in this area and having few studies on air quality, the following research work was proposed with the objective of determining the amount of sedimentable particulate matter (SPM) in the urban area of the city, by means of the gravimetric method (collection of particles in open containers) established for a monitoring time of three months (June, July and August 2022), analyzing a total of 40 points which were obtained through an environmental diagnosis (vehicle count). By means of the calculations established by the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation (TULSMA) in its Annex IV of Book VI in force in Ecuador, a level of compliance with this regulation of 60% was presented for the month of June, 70% for the month of July and 50% in the month of August, therefore, it was determined that the third month obtained higher concentrations of SPM in mg/cm2 *30 days of the entire study. Finally, the statistical analysis showed that the MPS concentrations and temperature had no relationship between them.
Evaluación de la condición del río Migüir mediante el desarrollo de un índice de calidad de agua
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-06) Pacheco Fajardo, David Antonio; Quiroz Quiroz, John Daniel; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
The Miguir River is located in the mountains of the Cajas National Park. This is 30 minutes from the Cuenca city belonging to the province of Azuay. Around this beautiful place are different communities; such as: Molleturo and Miguir. The study of my project began with the collection of information from different professionals who have knowledge on the subject of water resources and are willing to collaborate. Once the 20 participating experts were known, two surveys were carried out. These results will help to calculate the weights and quality subscripts necessary for the formulation of the aforementioned river index. From the surveys, the 16 parameters that enter the research were estimated according to criteria of water uses that are: agricultural, livestock and recreational. Once the parameters had been analyzed in the Soil and Water Analysis Laboratory of the University of Cuenca, the water quality index (ICA) was elaborated. Subsequently, it was validated with the ICA NSF using Pearsons correlations and finally it was compared with current legal regulations. For this, five sampling campaigns were carried out at three specific points. During the months of October, November and December 2020, we tried to cover the 7 km of the study area and with it also the dry and rainy seasons. The results show that the water quality of the Miguir River is between Good and Excellent. Furthermore, there is a positive and strong correlation between the ICA Developed and the ICA NSF and thus considering it valid. Finally, it should be mentioned that no parameter is above the permissible limits of the regulation.
Evaluación de la contaminación acústica en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Azogues
(2015) Saquisilí Guartamber, Silvia Carmita; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
The noise in the urban zone of Azogues city was monitored from October to November 2014 and from January to February 2015 in 52 points which were determined on based on a geographical demarcation of the study area using grids to perform the analysis in each one of them. With the monitoring of noise, the geographic coordinates of each point and the traffic flow were also measured. The monitoring of all of these variables was made in considering peak hours: 07:00 am to 09:00 am, 11:30 am to 1:30 pm, and 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm. The noise levels were determi¬ned with an integrating sound level meter and the measuring time was 30 minutes for each locality. A Geographic Information System was used for the noise maps in which all data measurements were processed. The noise maps showed that the places located in the downtown area, North-east, and North-west of the city, as well as, the areas near the Panamericana Sur, are the most affected, with noise levels above 60 decibels. These values are attributed to the high vehicular movement, where the registered flow is greater than 100 vehicles during the 30 minutes of monitoring. A first diagnosis of noise pollution generated in the city of Azogues was obtained with the elaboration of these acoustic maps.
Evaluación de la exposición al monóxido de carbono en habitantes de la ciudad de Azogues
(2014) Heredia Cabrera, Gina Catalina; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
In the present study was determined the concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in blood as a biomarker of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) in the environment, and the effects that this pollution has on the health of residents and traders of three areas considered critical for the high traffic in Azoguescity; contrasted with a control group not exposed belonging to a rural area. HbCO concentrations were detected by the spectrophotometric method with the Wolf modified technique, using sodium dithionite as reducing agent; the average found in the three study groups were: 5.16% 4.25% and 4.59% respectively; in all cases exceed the limits considered by WHO as normal (0.5% to 2.5%), although the levels of ambient CO in the three areas were below the limit set by the Ecuadorian legislation (30,000 ug / m3 for one hour). It was determined that there is no correlation between concentrations of ambient CO and HbCO concentrations measured in the study groups; so that these last depend on other factors such as exposure time and characteristics of individuals; so that a significant positive association between blood HbCO concentrations and exposure time seen in years was found; therefore although environmental CO concentrations is deemed to be below the limit, continuous and chronic exposure increases levels of HbCO to toxic concentrations in exposed individuals, it brings clinical consequences as the onset of symptoms between major headache, dizziness and burning eyes; although not specific, but attributed to the toxic action of CO which were reported more frequently by individuals exposed in this study.
Evaluación de los niveles de presión sonora en el área urbana del cantón Biblián, provincia del Cañar
(2018) Fernández Muñoz, Rocío Elizabeth; Saquisilí Guartamber, Giovanna Cristina; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
In this project, the noise pollution in the urban area of the town of Biblian, in the province of Cañar, was evaluated. I order to do that, the sound pressure levels were measured for the period of sixty minutes in fifty-one define points considering the following judgements: the first, a technical one based on the experience of geo-statistic models, and the second one according to geographic delimitation. The measuring was done during peak hours, from 7:10 to 09:20, 12:00 to 14:10 and 17:00 to 19:10, the results obtained were sustained-equivalent-corrected sound pressure levels (LKeq) fluctuating between 45,19 dB(A) - 75,57 dB(A), 45,24 dB(A) - 72,12 dB(A) and 47,52 - 74,66 dB(A) respectively. At the same time, the vehicle circulation was determined by means of a manual gauge. Likewise, when comparing these results to the current environmental regulation, averagely, 78 % of the peaks overpassed the regular numbers. On the other hand, the level of bonding between the LKeq and vehicle circulation was obtained by means of the Pearson´s correlation coefficient, which were positive and significant during the periods of time with results of 0,81, 0,82, and 0,79. By using the sound maps, it was noticed that he urban area of Biblián is a noisy one, being the vehicle circulation itself the main emitting source. However, noise levels below 55 dB(A) were registered in certain areas with a little traffic, generally locatedin the north, east, and south rural areas of the study zone.
Evaluación del impacto ambiental en carpintería y ebanistería El Nogal
(2010) Morocho Pesántez, Nelson Alfredo; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
Evaluación del riesgo toxicológico de plomo y cadmio en suelos del entorno del Parque Industrial de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2015) Tello Atiencia, María de los Angeles; Moscoso Vanegas, Diana Lucía
With the present research, toxicological hazard due to the presence of lead and cadmium in the grounds of the neighborhoods near the industrial park of the city of Cuenca (AbdónCalderón and Uncovía) was evaluated. In order to do so, the concentrations of these contaminants were determined in five soil samples collected at different distances between the industrial zone and each neighborhood, ranging from 200 to 700 meters. The tests were performed in triplicate and the methods applied were acid digestion and atomic absorption; the mean values of lead and cadmium obtained were compared to those of the Environmental Quality Norm of Ecuador and international norms, such as the corresponding norms by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America) and The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. Significant differences were only observed regarding the concentrations permitted in the Environmental Quality Norm of Ecuador. Finally, toxicological hazard calculations were done, for which several parameters were evaluated, such as: exposure dose, admissible daily intake, carcinogenic hazard and EMEG (Environmental Media Evaluation Guide). The obtained values indicate minimal toxicological hazard for child population and the absence of toxicological hazard for adult population. Additionally, 100 surveys regarding the adverse effects, diseases and the relationship with the environment in which the studied area inhabitants live were given to the people who dwell in the examined zones, yielding data on environmental quality and the existing pollution.