Browsing by Author "Moore, Georgianne W."

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    Ecohydrological drivers of neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems
    (2018) Aparecido, Luiza Maria; Mosquera Rojas, Giovanny Mauricio; Lazo Jara, Patricio Xavier; Rodas, Melissa; Lazo, Patricio; Müller, Caroline S.; Moore, Georgianne W.; Oliveira, Rafael S.
    Montane ecosystems are known for their high numbers of endemic species, unique climate conditions, and wide variety of ecosystem services such as water supply and carbon storage. Although many ecohydrological and climatic studies of montane environments have been carried out in temperate and boreal regions, few have been done in Neotropical regions. Hence, the objective of this review is to synthesize the existing literature on the main factors (biotic and abiotic) that influence vegetation distribution, functional traits, and ecohydrological processes and feedbacks in tropical montane ecosystems (TME) and to identify key knowledge gaps. Most of the literature used includes work conducted in Neotropical montane rainforests, cloud forests, and grass/scrublands (eg, páramos, punas, and campos de altitude/rupestres). Fog is a major climatic attribute in tropical montane …
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    The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño
    (2020) Solander, Kurt C.; Newman, Brent D.; Carioca de Araujo, Alessandro; Barnard, Holly R.; Berry, Z Carter; Bonal, Damien; Bretfeld, Mario; Burban, Benoit; Candido, Luiz Antonio; Célleri Alvear, Rolando Enrique; Chambers, Jeffery Q.; Christoffersen, Bradley O.; Detto, Matteo; Dorigo, Wouter A.; Ewers, Brent E.; Filgueiras Ferreira, Savio José; Knohl, Alexander; Leung, Ruby; McDowell, Nate G.; Miller, Gretchen R.; Ferreira Monteiro, Maria Terezinha; Moore, Georgianne W.; Negron Juarez, Robinson; Saleska, Scott R.; Stiegler, Cristiano; Tomasella, Javier; Xu, Chonggang
    El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997-1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015-2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25ĝˆ ) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982-1983, 1997-1998 and 2015-2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2Combining double low line0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales.

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