Browsing by Author "Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina"

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Afrocolombianas en Yantzaza: voces de esperanza desde la exclusión
(2016) Malo Larrea, Daniela; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
The current study took place at Yantzaza city, Zamora province. It aims to discuss new migratory realities in Ecuador. Studying experiences of Afro-Colombian women, both migrant and refugees. This research shows the social exclusion over black women, as a result of different social constructions. Despite this fact, it is also shown how hope arises in their daily struggle, their happy and extroverted way of acting, and their great determination. The stories of these women are interpreted through the theoretical view of the World System, and also from both, the transnationalism and postcolonial feminism theory. This theoretical framework allowed us to understand how the origin of the migration could be the inequality as a product of modernity and capitalism. The personal dimension is also important: international migration is an individual decision and could be influenced by the existence of transnational relationships. In the one hand, it is analyzed how the identity of the women is built during the migration journey. In the other hand, we discuss the social constructions that arise on the reception place. These social constructions are a determining factor of the experience, and on the human rights situation of each woman. It is fundamental to challenge stereotypes and conceptions as a turning point to create a social change.
Autoestima en mujeres víctimas de violencia psicológica en relación de pareja que pertenecen al Programa Municipal Casa de la Mujer, en el periodo 2022- 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-16) Deleg Pucha, Kelly Vanessa; Perea Beltrán, Antonio Sebastián; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
Intimate partner violence against women is a public health problem that generates psychological damage that affects self-esteem. Low self-esteem has repercussions in that the victim feels inferior, weak and incompetent; however, there are several factors that can affect self-esteem both positively and negatively. The general objective of this research was to describe the levels of self-esteem according to sociodemographic variables in women victims of psychological violence in intimate partner relationships who attend the Municipal Women's House Program of Cuenca in the period October 2022-February 2023. The study had a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive approach. We worked with a population of 40 women victims of psychological violence in intimate partner relationships. The instruments applied were the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a sociodemographic form. The results obtained indicate that 57.5% of the women victims of psychological violence who participated in the program have low levels of self-esteem. In addition, it was observed that women in middle adulthood, with primary education, single and married, living with a partner, working informally and in a low socioeconomic position also had low levels of self-esteem. Finally, the study highlighted that women who have been in the program longer have higher levels of self-esteem compared to those who have been in the program for less time. In conclusion, the study findings indicate that women who are victims of psychological violence in their intimate partner relationships tend to have low self-esteem, which appears to be a direct result of the psychological violence they have experienced as well as other contextual and personal factors.
Barreras arquitectónicas en los planteles educativos que impiden la inclusión de estudiantes con deficiencias motoras
(2010) García Padilla, Wilson Enrique; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
El buen vivir: legislación y mirada de las mujeres de la corporación municipal del cantón Cuenca
(2014) Ortega Ramírez, Zoila Lorena; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
This research analyzes the law of Good Living in favor of women. In the first instance it focuses on finding similarities between Feminism and the paradigm of Good Living or Sumak Kawsay based on the principles of each of them in order to compare their speeches. The Constitution of the Republic of 2008 which is in force is analyzed. Second , it presents the most relevant Cuenca Canton for gender equality local regulations , eradication of gender violence , sexual and reproductive rights , access to comprehensive care and quality services ; and management Decentralized Autonomous Government for the inclusion of gender equality in the institution and in the Canton Cuenca. In the third part, the perception of women in the Municipal Corporation of Canton Cuenca comes from his experiences in both the public and private sectors, to a fair and equal law verbatim. Finally, evidence of the reality of women of the Municipal Corporation is allowed through as baseline recommendations to improve gender policies
Conocimiento de género en estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2014) Regalado Gómez, Ana Karina; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
This research paper aims to analyze and present the status of gender mainstreaming at the University of Cuenca, as well as the actions carried out by this organization in order to comply with Article 70 of the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. This research was conducted in order to determine the degree of knowledge that undergraduates have on equity and gender, as well as the actions this university has carried out in order to narrow gender gaps. This paper presents iconic information which shows the participation of women at the University of Cuenca, as well as summarizes the inclusion of gender equality in different constitutions of the republic. The results are a benchmark to recommend possible actions to take when developing the Equal Opportunities Agenda of the University of Cuenca in order to comply with the affirmative action policies of this organization.
La crítica feminista al derecho: de la lucha por la igualdad al cuestionamiento de la identidad como ideal normativo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2016) Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
This article shows the most important questions that the feminism (or feminisms) asks to Law, as a social system and speech. In a special way, it analyzes the different positions that the feminist critique assumes about the possibility of using Law as an instrument to change the situation of women. Moreover, even though the article regards the importance of women´s struggle to face discrimination and achieve equality, it shows how the use of essentialist categories, such as “men” and “women” could signify, at the same time, the exclusion of the rights of those who do not fit on that normative ideal.
Las decisiones judiciales frente a casos emblemáticos de femicidio en el Ecuador
(2017) Sánchez Pazán, Tatiana Natacha; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
This academic monograph for graduation purposes, analyzes the conceptions that guide the decisions of the operators or operators of justice in cases of violent deaths of women, because they are women. From the frame of reference of the femicide figure, as the maximum expression of violence against women, with the perspective of gender -vision from women- and with specific elements of the methodology of gender analysis proposed by Alda Facio, in his Book "When gender sounds, changes brings", analyzes the legal phenomenon of femicide of two emblematic cases in the country, in the light of legal instruments of COIP and resolutions of international events of women, on prevention of gender violence , Determining their progress and / or setbacks in the country. The results show progress in the procedures of visibilization and particularization of the cases of femicide, although they need to deepen in political-cultural elements that prevent this type of violence.
El derecho constitucional de acceso a la justicia de las víctimas de violencia de género: la violencia psicológica en el cantón Cuenca con entrada en vigencia el Código Orgánico Integral Penal
(2019-06-06) Guaraca Maldonado, Favio Alejandro; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
This research project has tried to analyze the route of enforceability of the rights of victims of psychological violence since its standardization as a crime since 2014. The research focuses on the Alda Facio’s proposal (1999) to auscultate the components: normative-formal, structural and political-cultural. This process shows a system that acts against protecting the human rights of women. This also shows the legislative poverty in the standardization, privileging a previous evidence by a result that must be inserted in a psychological expertise, indispensable requirement often unattainable that has generated total impunity. An insensitive institutional structure that minimizes the treatment of gender violence. Designated State delegates without expertise and adequate training that disregards a constitutional duty to guarantee specialized justice. An inactive system is revealed that endorses the initiative of the process to the victims. The judicial public service is adapted to the current system, normalizing the service without priority. Among the few resolutions that have been issued, the comprehensive redress does not comply with constitutional parameters. There is a state debt in the consolidation of the route of enforceability of the rights of victims of gender violence that does not allow a transition with a focus on gender and human rights.
Discriminación percibida por las personas adultas de la Organización Silueta Cuenca LGBTI del Azuay, periodo 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-19) Cabrera Llangari, Andrea Estefania; Plasencia Cabrera, Thalia Mercedes; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
Discrimination is a social phenomenon that includes any distinction or exclusion that aims to undermine or nullify the recognition, enjoyment or exercise of human rights, being this evident in different social practices. One of the groups that has been the victim of marginalization in different daily spheres throughout history is the LGBTI population, due to the fact that it does not fit into the dominant models of gender and sexuality. For that reason, the general objective of this research was to describe the discrimination perceived by the adults of the Silueta Cuenca LGBTI Organization of Azuay in the period 2022-2023, in order to know the contexts in which discrimination occurred and the factors that originated it. It was a qualitative, phenomenological, cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study. Twelve people linked to the aforementioned organization participated in this research. The techniques applied were the semi-structured interview and the focus group. The results showed that the participants' experiences of discrimination are common and occur in different areas, such as family, school, work, health and social, being caused by the maintenance of a heteronormative conception of sexuality. In conclusion, LGBTI people in their daily lives are exposed to different mechanisms of exclusion, marginalization, hostility and violence, which cause various psychological and emotional problems that have marked their lives.
Enfoque jurídico sobre la condición de las mujeres refugiadas
(2015) Solano Sánchez, Ana Belén; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
This work arose from the need to analyze the current legal approach to the condition of refugee women, addressing the rights and guarantees that national and international law give to this group of people who have been displaced from their countries in search of peace for themselves and their families. To do this, bibliographic research techniques were applied through the constant gathering information on national and international legal norms. For that we had the collaboration of the Provincial Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility (MREMH) to obtain statistics on refugee claims filed in Ecuador. To corroborate the information collected we interviewed a group of refugee women, who voluntarily contributed their experiences during the time they have been domiciled in the city of Cuenca, detecting problems to overcome, both aspects, the social and legal. We obtained six judgments relating to proceedings brought by refugee women in matters of childhood and adolescence, criminal, misdemeanor, and for the respective constitutional legal analysis. Finally to make a comparison of the information and data collected, it was possible to conclude that refugee women are covered by a legal, large order, but the intervening barriers in their daily lives hinder the full enjoyment of their rights.
Experiencias de operadores de justicia en casos de desapariciones de niños, niñas, adolescentes y mujeres en el Cantón Cuenca. 2020 – 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-14) Calle Ávila, Jessica Karina; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
The disappearance of persons is an insidious form of violence that must be investigated under adequate processes to safeguard the integrity of the victims and prevent irreparable damage. In this context, the role of justice operators is crucial for both the search and the investigation of each case. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the experiences of justice operators in dealing with cases of missing children, adolescents and women in the city of Cuenca. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research was conducted with a phenomenological approach, cross-sectional and exploratory in scope, based on semi- structured interviews with ten justice operators. Subsequently, a thematic analysis was carried out, from which the results were organized into four categories: strategies and protocols used by justice operators in the management of cases of disappearance; legal and procedural barriers that hinder rapid and effective action; coordination and communication mechanisms between involved entities; and strengths and weaknesses of the procedures implemented in the investigation of these cases. The experiences of justice operators reflect a combination of structural challenges and institutional limitations marked by the lack of resources, the complexity of investigations and the difficulties of coordination between institutions. Despite their commitment, they face obstacles that hinder their work. This demonstrates the need to strengthen inter-institutional support and training mechanisms to improve the response to the disappearance of persons and guarantee effective action.
Factores de riesgo presentes en la violencia física contra las mujeres en la parroquia Sinincay del cantón Cuenca en el periodo marzo-agosto 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-23) Aguirre Parra, Mayra Elizabeth; Parra Cárdenas, Andrea Dayanna; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
Violence against women threatens their physical and psychological integrity, resulting in certain bodily injuries or mental disorders, which condition their general well-being. According to the records obtained from the Political Tenure of the parish of Sinincay - Cuenca, it was possible to determine that in the parish of Sinincay there are few women who decided to denounce their partners. Under this premise, the present investigation arose, with the purpose of identifying the risk factors associated with physical violence against the women of Sinincay, who have been victims of domestic physical violence. The research is cross-sectional, developed under a qualitative approach, with an exploratory scope and phenomenological design. We worked with 9 women who were victims of domestic physical violence and filed their respective complaints in the Political Tenure. As a requirement to be part of the investigation, the women had to have filed a complaint in the last five months and signed an informed consent. A sociodemographic record and a semi-structured face-to-face interview were applied to the participants. Among the main findings of the investigation, it was found that the risk factors present in the cases addressed are the socioeconomic situation of the family environment, alcohol consumption, cultural beliefs, educational level and machismo. As a result of the results obtained, we can recommend that the president of the Sinincay Parish Board and the rural councilors should manage the development of workshops and programs that allow the doubts and concerns that women present around the routes, to be listened to. of protection that must be followed in the face of acts of violence against the female population.
Las familias y la responsabilidad de cuidado de la niñez y adolescencia: análisis de medidas administrativas sobre protección de derechos con perspectiva de género
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-01-13) Ávila Cañizares, Mónica Valeria; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
This current research analyzes the discourses about family and childhood care that can be found in the administrative proceedings of childhood protection. The bibliography that sustains this research comes from feminist authors who have questioned the institution of family and care dimensions such as the identity of the care giver, relationship between the care giver and the care needed, the cost of care, the space where care is given whether if its public or private and the nature of care. To obtain this, it was necessary to do documentary review of the files and also semi structured interviews with the professionals that work at the Junta Cantonal de Protección de Derechos where it was possible to find discourses and positions about care and gender roles from fathers and mothers attending this organization, as well as the recommendations issued by the technical team in the administrative process. This research founds the monolithic, conservative, sexist, age, microstructural, racist and heterosexist biases than can be found in civil, labor and children laws, in public politics related with care and also in the discourses from justice operators making women responsible to execute proper childcare regardless of the implications on the exercise of women such as work, education and recreation because of the care role that has been assigned for them
El femicidio en la legislación ecuatoriana
(2015) Tapia Cárdenas, Andrea Estefanía; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
With the approval of the “Constitution of Montecristi” in 2008, the Ecuadorian state incorporates itself as a new example of guarantee and protection of human rights, establishing as a constitutional state of rights and justice. With this approach Ecuador approves the so called “Criminal Code of Integral” with 10th of august 2014, in which a big part of the legal structure in criminal case is modified, in law suits and steps of processes as well as the incorporation of new types of penalties including femicide. In this context the investigation focuses on the conferred and guaranteed laws in favor of the women according to the constitution of 2008 and the international conventions, ratified by our country about human rights, violence and discrimination against women. The study develops an analysis of the type femicide penalty typified in article 141 of the “Criminal Code of Integral” which came out to be the answer to a problem which gained more power day by day in our country. This was done with keeping in mind that there did not exist a specific norm which sanctions this type of violence against women. We finalize the investigation with an analysis described in detail by the word femicide and its impact to social reality.
Garantías del debido proceso: violación al derecho a la defensa en procesos de adolescentes infractores
(2016) Pineda Quinde, Martín Santiago; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
In the matter of adolescent offenders there are involved several human rights because they belong to a priority group which is considered to be in a special condition because of the development stage they are passing through, therefore when it comes to justice they require specific principles to ensure their interests and their rights. This research project states the general process of adolescent offenders in Ecuador, it also states the principles that rule this important matter and the most important international treaties related to this matter that must be taken into consideration by judges when solving causes. It also provides important aspects to know whether in its judgment procedure it violates or not of the right of defense, which is a constitutionally recognized right for every human being.
Historia de una vida: discontinuidades, sinrazones y sinsentidos, ilusión retórica de la existencia como devenir
(2003) Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina; Montecino, Sonia
Hospitalización conjunta niño-madre y repercusión psicosocial en la familia. Hospital Regional y Docente Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca, 1990
(1993) Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina; Estrella Vintimilla, Pablo
Identidad nacional en los adolescentes cuencanos
(2009) Campuzano Polo, Carlos Iván; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
La construcción del cuerpo y la sexualidad en los discursos y prácticas de los operadores de justicia
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación, 2025-11-13) Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina; Cáceres Feria, Rafael
The purpose of the investigation is to identify the categories through which various justice operators classify, visualize and value the bodies of trans people who participate in a judicial process; investigate how they stand before justice and how they react to the treatment they receive. I also intend to decipher the routes, routines and rituals of the judicial procedures in which trans people are immersed and analyze what are the consequences that these processes produce in them. The investigation is carried out in the Provincial Court of Justice of Azuay and in the Social Rehabilitation Center "Turi", in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. From the selection of files –from the year 2008, when the National Assembly of Ecuador approved the Constitution that is in force, until the year 2019–, I develop a work oriented to the understanding of social action, seen as part of a cultural, dynamic context, in constitution and recomposition. This involves looking at the various actions carried out by judges, secretaries, lawyers, prosecutors, public defenders, citizens involved in the dispute, witnesses, police officers, administrative staff, general public, etc. in a selective, contextualized and positioned manner. in the courtrooms, in the pavilions and call centers of the jail and on the street, considered as scenarios where meaningful expressions are generated, shared and circulated.
Normalización de la violencia de género y su repercusión en la vida de mujeres acogidas en la casa María Amor durante el período 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-10-31) Espinoza Guzman, Mercy Carolina; Rengel Criollo, Berenise Noemi; Mendoza Eskola, Juanita Catalina
Gender violence is a phenomenon that affects all women regardless of their ethnicity, age group, level of education and economic sector. It is promoted in culture, which has cemented its presence in time and allowed it to span generations. It should be noted that gender-based violence is a social construct that violates human rights through beliefs, ideas and behaviors such as: the right to life, liberty and security, the right to be free from all forms of discrimination, and not to be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. With this social construct present in culture, the power of men over women emerges as a force that has been created and shaped by society, instilling the notion that men are superior to women and that masculine values hold more merit than feminine values. This in turn generates inequalities. Likewise, the socialization of gender roles is essential for the patriarchal power structure to endure over time. Normalization casts doubt on women's abilities to resolve conflicts or problems, which in the long term presents emotional consequences that can manifest in various ways, such as learned helplessness. Under this framework, the objective of the research was to describe the process of normalization of gender violence and its impact on the lives of women sheltered in the María Amor house, during the 2022 period. For this, a qualitative approach was used, with a descriptive scope and a phenomenological method. The total size of the study group was five women. The interview and the focus group were the applied techniques. This research corroborates the results of other studies, insofar as the patriarchal culture is a system of institutionalized domination that has been maintained over time, being a fundamental factor for the normalization of gender violence. Another result that was obtained is that learned helplessness causes emotional sequelae and motivations in women that can generate serious damage to their mental health in the future.