Browsing by Author "Maza León, Andrea Paola"

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    Desarrollo de un modelo de pronóstico de sequías para proyectos de reforestación con especies forestales cedro y gañal - aplicación para la zona de Llaviuco y Mazán, parte alta de la cuenca del río Paute
    (2017) Arévalo Coello, Erika Tatiana; Palacios Ortiz, Mishel Andrea; Célleri Alvear, Rolando Enrique; Maza León, Andrea Paola
    Droughts are a climatological phenomenon that have an impact on the environmental and socioeconomic development of a region. Currently, the Ecuadorian national government promotes reforestation programs; however, if a drought event takes place during the first stages of the programs the whole process could fail. For this reason, it is important to do research on drought forecasting as to be able to plan and manage a well-suited reforestation program. The aim of this study is to develop a drought forecasting model for reforestation projects with species Cedrela montana and Oreocallis grandiflora. The study area was Llaviuco and Mazán forests at the El Cajas National Park. The model was developed using Markov chains. For this, rainfall data from the Piscícola Chirimachay and Sayausí Matadero pluviographic stations were used. At the same time, it was analyzed the resistance of the species exposed to four drought intensities: normal, moderate, severe and extreme. Subsequently, an early warning system based on both the drought forecast and the response of the species for decision-making in restoration projects was designed. The results showed that: i) based on the drought forecast matrix, when an extreme event occurs, the event remains throughout the whole process ii) in an extreme event, there is a belated germination process and a fewer number of germinated species, iii) for the two studied species, the traffic lights show that less than 50% of the seeds germinate in conditions of extreme drought. This study could be useful for institutions in charge of restoration and environmental management programs.
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    Estudio comparativo entre modelos de estimación de radiación solar y déficit de presión de vapor en dos gradientes altitudinales
    (2016) Maza León, Andrea Paola; Célleri Alvear, Rolando Enrique
    The estimation of solar radiation (RS) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are a necessary process when there are no measurements of these variables in a region. This is the case in mountainous areas such as the Andes where there are insufficient measurements because of the cost and difficulty to obtain them. These variables are important in ecological and economic terms, and also to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETO). This thesis presents a comparative study of 5 empirical models to estimate RS (Hargreaves-Samani, Allen, Annandale, Chen and Ertekin-Yaldiz) and 5 models to estimate VPD (FAO56 and 4 models Castellvi), all of them based on air temperature. Daily Rs and VPD data from 6 meteorological stations were used in two altitudinal gradients located in the Quinuas and ZhurucayEcohydrological Observatories (Azuay, Ecuador). The validation criteria were performed using different statistical indices. The results showed that the original RS models need calibration and validation before they provide valid estimations. The calibrated Rs models resulted in improved estimates in the two gradients. The Chen model showed the best results for all stations in the two gradients. The results of VPD models showed in Balzay (urban) a distinct performance. Favorable results were not obtained with any model only at weather station Campamento.This study has provided calibrated equations that can be used in the Andes of southern Ecuador for estimating RS and VPD.