Browsing by Author "Macancela Herrera, Daniel Alberto"

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Calidad–inocuidad de la leche cruda de vaca que ingresa a centros de acopio de la provincia Cañar–Ecuador, en el contexto de las normativas latinoamericanas
(2023) Lupercio Novillo, Rosa Lucía; Macancela Herrera, Daniel Alberto; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; Abad Quevedo, Vanessa Lucia; Agurto Granda, Diego Alonso; López Espinoza, Mateo Damián; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto
The purpose of this study was to analyze physical–chemical and microbiological parameters of raw cow’s milk, in order to evaluate its quality and safety in relation to Ecuadorian regulations (INEN 009–2012), and to make a comparison with the regulations of the other Countries from Latin America such as Perú, Colombia, Venezuela, México and Argentina. Upon entering 28 collection centers in the Province of Cañar, 203 samples were taken from 6,124 producers. The analysis of: temperature, density, and titratable acidity were performed in situ, while fat, Total Solids (TS), Non – Fat Solids (NFS), protein (P), freezing point (FP), Somatic Cell Count (SCC), Total Bacteria Count (TBC), mesophilic Aerobes and Enterobacteria. They were carried out in the laboratories of AGROCALIDAD and the University of Cuenca. It was observed that in the variables: density (15°C), titratable acidity, fat, TS, NFS, P, FP (°C), the 87.5 to 100 % of samples comply with the Ecuadorian regulations and the regulations of the Countries analyzed; Colombian and Venezuelan regulations have more demanding of reference values for density, protein, titratable acidity and NFS, respectively. México and Argentina do not refer to TS and Perú doesn’t consider P. However, the results in microbiology are discouraging regarding the count of mesophilic aerobics, as only 8 % of the samples analyzed comply with the regulations of all Countries. The microbiological load is high, despite the fact that no regulation analyzed indicate maximum for TBC, an average of 24,000 × 103 colony forming units per millimeter (CFU·mL–1) was found. As a reference, some regulations in the USA set, despite a maximum of 300 × 103 CFU·mL–1 of TBC in blended milk. Regarding SCC, according to Argentine regulations, only 31 % of the samples would be within the parameters. This work provides knowledge of the current status of the quality–safety of raw milk in an important dairy area, and analyzes these results in the context of international regulations, serving to focus on continuous improvement with a view to export.
Comparación de rasgos funcionales de especies nativas en los ecosistemas altoandinos de la zona oriental y occidental de la provincia del Azuay
(2020-02-28) Macancela Herrera, Daniel Alberto; Ortega Pillajo, Byron Leonel; Palomeque Pesántez, Fanny Ximena
Functional traits on plant species are the result of its adaptation to the environmental conditions of the ecosystem where they subsist, this could indicate physiology and morphology modification on plant species in order to survive under given conditions. This research aimed to compare functional traits of 10 native species growing on two different sites (west and east flanks) in high Andean ecosystems on the Azuay province; assuming differences on environmental conditions between sites. In additions, it evaluated the functional traits of 4 species, distributed in each study area, mainly of the Polylepis genus. The samples of each species were collected in the Angas and Migϋir forests (western zone) and in Llaviucu and Zhurucay forest (eastern zone). The functional traits evaluated were: wood density, dry weight of leaf, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness, stomata size, stomatal density, water potential and seeds dispersal. The results indicated that for most of their functional traits between the study zones, presented similarities, however, the dry weight of the leaf, thickness of the leaf, size of stomata, showed significant differences in the species Weinmannia fagaroides, Morella parvifolia and Vallea stipularis, and community level, as well as the water potential in the species evaluated (p <0.05). Studies on the evaluation of functional traits in zones with ecological variation are useful for understanding the responses or modifications that will occur in plant species under the climate modification scenario.
Estación meteorológica inteligente para control de riego y mitigación de heladas
(Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, 2022) Tacuri Espinoza, Víctor Eduardo; Macancela Herrera, Daniel Alberto; Lupercio Novillo, Rosa Lucía; Lupercio Novillo, Luis Geovany; Lupercio Novillo, Luis Geovany
In agriculture, water is vital for the crop. Knowing when to irrigate and how much to irrigate can be answered technically from data provided by weather stations. However, this data is not always available. In addition, although irrigation controllers are available on the market, they are not integrated with the stations and have a closed architecture. On the other hand, the development of electronics, the availability of affordable sensors, protocols, standards and open source, facilitate the integration of hardware and software components. This work proposes a prototype of an intelligent weather station that provides real-time data on temperature, ambient humidity, soil moisture, and rainfall, as input for a controller to activate irrigation in two cases: i) due to the need of water for crop development; or ii) to mitigate frost, supporting sustainable agricultural development with local, open source and affordable technology. The methodology was applied based on rapid prototyping, evaluating the operability of each electronic device and its integration in a controlled environment, and then in an experimental plot, at the Nero farm of the University of Cuenca. Open-source hardware and software were used for the development, using Arduino IDE and Visual Studio Code. A solar panel and batteries were used to power the system, optimizing consumption. This prototype has shown continuous and stable operation at 3100 meters over the sea level. It will continue to be monitored and improved, in order to make it available to the end user in the future.