Browsing by Author "Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio"

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Adquisición de datos de las variables de los procesos de la planta de fuerza del molino papelero CARTOPEL
(2011) Guamán Sánchez, Cristian Fernando; Bravo Padilla, Eddy Gabriel; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
Análisis de la calidad de energía en el sistema eléctrico, utilizando equipo de medición de parámetros de sistemas fotovoltaicos
(2012) Rodríguez Chogllo, René Isaac; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
Análisis técnico de la implementación de picogeneración hidroeléctrica en canales de conducción de agua
(2019-10-15) Campoverde Campoverde, María José; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio; Sanango Fernández, Juan Bautista
The technological advance allows renewable energies (solar, wind, biomass, small-scale hydroelectric) to gain a position in the face of traditional energies and that natural resources be used in a better way and with an environmental awareness that allows the development of clean energy and Environment-friendly. With this perspective, this research work allows analyzing small-scale hydroelectric generation and in particular the hydro generation peak as an alternative to be implemented especially in natural or artificial water tributaries. The technical analysis that is developed seeks to identify the ideal characteristics that a water channel must have to extract the greatest power present in the mass of moving water, as well as the hydrokinetic peak-turbine that allows taking advantage of the resource to be obtained in an electric generator, the electrical energy necessary to supply a certain demand. Through the choice of the appropriate water channel and the turbine selected to obtain maximum power, examples are developed that allow visualizing the viability of the hydroelectric generation implementation, especially in areas where there are no electricity distribution networks.
Análisis y diagnóstico del sistema de puesta a tierra de la S/E 03 Monay
(2019-10-15) Ambrosi Bustamante, Pablo André; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
The importance of the System of Grounding in an Electric Substation, is essential for the S/E to continue with the correctly operation. In the event of a fault, the grounding system must be designed to withstand the ground fault current and provide safety for people and equipment. The touch and step voltages must not be greater than the permissible voltages for people with a weight of 70 kg, the evaluation of the system of earthing of the S / E 03 Monay was made by using the IEEE Std - 2013. The grounding system that is currently in operation is compromised by the deterioration of the materials and the increase of the short-circuit current. In this work, a study is made and then a resizing so that the current grounding system returns to comply with the safety conditions and that it performs its correct functioning in the event of a possible failure. Finally, the Centro Sur Electric Company may review the designs for future S/E or S/E that are in operation through the program for the correct design of grounding systems in S/E AC using the IEEE Std 80 - 2013.
Comparison between the real and theoretical values of the technical parameters of the VoIP codecs
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Ortega Ortega, Martín Eduardo; Chafla Altamirano, Gustavo Xavier; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio; Falconí Abad, Mara Ximena
The real values of the technical design parameters that voice codecs possess play a very important role when it is desired to size the bandwidth within a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communications network, so it is important to know these values. Thus, in the work presented below you get the real values of the most common technical design parameters that have of the voice codecs such as payload, bit rate, Packets Per Second (PPS) and frame size, through the Wireshark software for VoIP monitoring. For this, real VoIP calls were made through softphones applications and using different test scenarios. These applications were installed on smartphones and were configured with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) accounts, where a set of 8 voice codecs was handled. This was done in order to find out if there are variations between the theoretical and real values of these parameters. The results obtained show that there are differences between these values. It is concluded that by directly using the theoretical bandwidth values of voice codecs, the number of users who could communicate at the same time in a VoIP network with SIP accounts would be oversized.
Determinación de los parámetros de la caracterización DLC del supercondensador del laboratorio de Micro-Red
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Martínez Curipoma, Andrés Alberto; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
Supercapacitors are key devices in modern energy storage applications, particularly in backup systems, electric vehicles, and microgrids, due to their high power density and long service life. This work presents the identification of parameters for two equivalent circuit models applied to a supercapacitor bank with over a decade of usage. The first model, based on the structure proposed by the manufacturer, fails to accurately reproduce the terminal voltage evolution, even after numerical parameter adjustment, revealing its limitation in representing the actual behavior of the aged bank. The second model, based on Zubieta’s proposal, incorporates the nonlinear dependence of capacitance on voltage and was obtained based on the manufacturer’s model output. However, it also required numerical tuning, which yielded significantly different parameters consistent with an advanced aging state of the device. The results suggest a loss of conduction capability, a reduction in total capacitance, an increase in leakage resistance, and a slower dynamic response, considering that the bank is approaching the end of its useful life.
Diseño e implementación de un prototipo robótico que replique la motricidad del dedo índice de la mano humana
(2019-10-15) Pulla Tenecota, Oscar Fabián; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
The project proposal is an alternative to the conventional procedures for the rehabilitation of conditions such as fractures, paralysis among others, which can occur in the fingers of a person, this research work being a possible (experimental) solution to these needs Thus, it is intended to make a prototype for assisted rehabilitation. Given the complexity of the human hand, this project aims to start with the replication of the movement of the index finger. In the first instance, the state of the art will be lifted. The study will focus on the flex sensors, where they will analyze their measurement forms, constructive characteristics among other technical parameters. The data obtained will be digitized and processed using mathematical software. Due to the sensitivity of the flex sensor, a data acquisition device will be constructed that allows accurate measurement. The motion captures (using the flex sensor) will be the references of a control system that will replicate the movement in the affected finger (index finger). The calibration of the control system will be done by building a prototype based on a free code model of an index finger, which will be built in a (3D) printer, where the data captured from the index finger with normal motor skills of a person will be replicated by actuators. The results generated in this project will serve as a reference for new future work related to the rehabilitation of all the fingers of a human hand.
Diseño y simulación de un filtro activo para redes eléctricas monofásicas residenciales mediante un controlador P.I.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-07-29) Feijoo Mendieta, David Antonio; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
Faced with the expansion of Information and Communication Technologies in the 21st century, devices such as computers, mobile phones, signal converters, speed variators of electric motors, among others, are part of non-linear loads, they have revealed disturbances in the wave of electric current distorting it with respect to the signal at fundamental frequency, which has generated negative effects on the useful life of elements of the electric circuit and consequently reducing the quality of electric power in the network. The present degree work promotes the contribution to research in the context of control of electrical systems, the design and simulation of the active filter has the purpose of mitigating harmonic current distortions (THDi) and compensating reactive power. The controller is of the proportional-integral (PI) type and the harmonic extraction is carried out in the synchronous reference frame (DQ) and the dynamics tests are based on simulations in different load contexts and comparisons with other control techniques. The objective is that the active filter complies with the recommendations established in the IEEE 519-2014 standard, referring to the maximum admissible ranges of total harmonic distortion (THD) of electrical current intensity signals. For this purpose, the degree work was carried out based on the action research methodology (IA) with a comparative approach and its scope is constructionist. In the 7 test scenarios of the active filter, in the face of various non-linear loads and variation in the distance between the secondary network and the electric service customer, the active filter reduces the THDi by 89.92% under nominal load conditions at the point of Common Coupling (PCC) whose values are within the allowable range of the IEEE 519-2014 standard.
Elaboración de una herramienta computacional para el diseño óptimo de redes de distribución de baja tensión de la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur C. A.
(2018) Ayabaca Landi, David Santiago; Vázquez Campoverde, Wilmer Marcelo; Sempértegui Álvarez, Rodrigo Efraín; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
The present work elaborates a computational tool for the optimal design of low voltage distribution networks, belonging to the Regional Electrical Company Centrosur C.A., it is based on a mathematical model of mixed whole nonlinear programming, elaborated in the optimization software AMPL, which will provide better criteria when planning the operation of a low voltage network, in addition this work contributes with results obtained in two additional tools, such as: OpenDSS and the calculation template of voltage drops of the CENTROSUR C.A.
Esquema de remuneración de los sistemas de distribución, una propuesta para el caso ecuatoriano
(2012) Ramírez Cabrera, María Fernanda; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
Experimental validation of a continuous time MCSI algorithm with bounded adaptive gains
(2019) Montanaro, Umberto; Costa Castelló, Ramon; Olm, Josep M.; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
The Franklin Institute Model reference adaptive control algorithms with minimal controller synthesis have proven to be an effective solution to tame the behaviour of linear systems subject to unknown or time-varying parameters, unmodelled dynamics and disturbances. However, a major drawback of the technique is that the adaptive control gains might exhibit an unbounded behaviour when facing bounded disturbances. Recently, a minimal controller synthesis algorithm with an integral part and either parameter projection or σ-modification strategies was proposed to guarantee boundedness of the adaptive gains. In this article, these controllers are experimentally validated for the first time by using an electro-mechanical system subject to significant rapidly varying disturbances and parametric uncertainty. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the modified minimal controller synthesis methods to keep the adaptive control gains bounded while providing, at the same time, tracking performances similar to that of the original algorithm.
Gestión de carga de vehículos eléctricos a partir de dinámicas indeseadas en generación solar fotovoltaica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-13) Aguirre Pardo, Ivania Carolina; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
Energy generation systems from the use of solar resources constitute an alternative to help mitigate the problem of climate change, but their integration into the distribution networks causes problems in the energy quality and the stability of the network, as a consequence of its intermittent nature, which causes rapid variations in the output power of the photovoltaic modules to occur. The fluctuations produced cannot be controlled from their generation, so it is necessary to combine these systems with energy storage technologies, which help to reduce them. For this reason, the present work was oriented to the development of a simulation model of an energy management system, which controls the charging process of the electric vehicle, based on the dynamics of photovoltaic generation. At the meteorological station of the Micro Networks laboratory of the University of Cuenca, located on the Balsay campus, the dynamic behavior of PV power generation was studied in 1s intervals, for an analysis period from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., for 30 days. ; Based on the results obtained, the power ramp control strategy was applied, for a day with high variations and another with average variations; then the load management models for electric vehicles were designed in two scenarios: a single vehicle and more than one vehicle connected in the Common Connection Point (PCC). The results showed that the dynamic behavior of the photovoltaic generation in the study area presents rapid power fluctuations in very short moments, reaching an average variation of 7,20 𝑘𝑊 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ⁄ and a coefficient of variability of 32.09%, in the month of September 2020; The application of the power ramp control algorithm, for the two conditions, showed that the integration of a single electric vehicle in the PCC is not enough to reduce all the photovoltaic fluctuations, while by increasing the number of vehicles the level of variations is mostly reduced. It is concluded that it is possible to integrate electric vehicle charging stations into photovoltaic solar energy generation systems, to reduce the impacts of this technology on the electric power supply network.
Inversor de Frecuencia Trifásico con Modulación SPWM: Simulación e Implementación con la tarjeta ESP32
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-24) Zarie Bonilla, Diego Enmanuel; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
This thesis project aims to establish the procedures for the simulation, design, programming, and physical construction of a three-phase frequency inverter. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB's Simulink development environment with the Simscape library. The ESP32 microcontroller is programmed using code developed with the Arduino IDE software, which belongs to the Arduino microcontroller family. The code generates SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) signals that control the triggering of the inverter's IGBT switches. The control and power circuits are designed using commercially available components to enable the physical implementation of the inverter. A proper understanding and appropriate use of the drivers in the control system ensures the correct operation of the high-frequency switches and allows a sinusoidal signal to be obtained at the output of the frequency inverter.
Rejection of periodic disturbances using MRAC with minimal controller synthesis
(INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC., 2016-09-06) Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
The tracking/rejection of periodic disturbances in linear systems is achievable via internal model principle-based techniques, such as repetitive control. However, when the frequency of the signal to track/reject is uncertain or time-varying, the performance of these controllers decays dramatically. This article discusses the basics of Model Reference Adaptive Control with Minimal Controller Synthesis, and assesses its applicability to this problem from a comparative study of the performance of this type of controllers and a repetitive controller, both designed to regulate the speed of a DC motor subject to periodic disturbances. The study is supported by experimental results.
Simulación de viento, componentes y control de un sistema de generación eólica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-04) Palacios Ortega, Carlos Daniel; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio
In the following technical project, he presents the design and physical implementation of a wind emulator that allows representing the behavior of a wind turbine under different wind curves in reduced simulation times. The emulator is based on a 1 hp pri-induction motor controlled by a variable frequency drive and a control system to adjust the speed of the motor according to the input wind signals. In addition, a 400 W permanent magnet wind generator is coupled to complete the wind generation system. The system allows emulation using the MATLAB Simulink simulation environment, in order to compare and validate the system responses both at speed and generation. This technical project provides an efficient tool to analyze the behavior of wind turbines under various real wind conditions. In addition, this approach offers a cheaper and more practical alternative to assess the feasibility of wind turbines at different points before their actual implementation.
Study of the energy efficiency of an urban e-bike charged with a standalone photovoltaic solar charging station and its compliance with the ecuadorian grid code no. ARCERNNR – 002/20
(2023) Iñiguez Moran, Vinicio Estuardo; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio; Sempértegui Álvarez, Rodrigo Efraín
E-bikes are an emerging sustainable means of transportation, if adopted massively, they can help face the challenges of human mobility in urban centers worldwide. In Cuenca, Ecuador, the local government built cycle routes (13.47 km) connecting strategic points to facilitate and encourage sustainable mobility. However, the effective implementation of the electromobility strategies at a large scale entails impacts on the power grid, like the increase in the energy demand and the possible decrease of the energy quality due to the harmonic distortion that characterizes the battery's charging current. This research aims to obtain a primary input to evaluate such impacts through an energy efficiency study of an urban e-bike charged by a standalone solar photovoltaic charging station implemented in the Microgrid Laboratory of Universidad de Cuenca. The methodology includes the experimental characterization of the battery's charging regime, the vehicle's energy efficiency calculation, and the evaluation of its compliance with Ecuadorian grid code No. ARCERNNR – 002/20. Results show that the battery's charger performs a charging regime standardized by German regulations, delivering 92% of charge in 4.82 hours. The e-bike's calculated average energy efficiency is 2.18 kWh/100 miles or 73.77 m/Wh, and a fuel economy of 1545.1 MPGe. Finally, the magnitude of the first four odd harmonic components and the total harmonic distortion of the charging current exceeds the limits established by the grid code in force.
Uso de supercondensadores para brindar soporte de frecuencia en una microrred aislada
(2022) Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Iñiguez Moran, Vinicio Estuardo; Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio; Sempértegui Álvarez, Rodrigo Efraín
This article presents the practical implementation of a frequency control technique (virtual inertia) in an energy storage system based on supercapacitors (ESS-SC). The design of this proposal provides frequency support to a real isolated microgrid that integrates renewable generation sources (solar photovoltaic, 15 kWp), conventional synchronous generation (diesel thermal, 44 kVA), and energy storage systems (ESS-SC, 30 kW). The base case is a hybrid solar-diesel microgrid (typical situation of insular systems) operating in normal conditions. Frequency support tasks' effectiveness provided by the SAE-SC checks out, and the resilience of the microgrid are evaluated in terms of this variable. The experimental results show that the implementation of the proposal allows reducing the frequency fluctuations of the microgrid by 30%, representing a significant improvement in the quality of the electricity supply. The experiments were carried out in the Microgrid Laboratory of the Centro Científico, Tecnológico y de Investigación Balzay (CCTI-B) of the Universidad de Cuenca.
Uso eficiente de energía en la fábrica Indurama S.A.
(2000) Larco Barros, Ciro Mauricio; Vaca Cordero, Stalin Jacks; Jaramillo Palacios, Fabián